refactor(server): use Effect functions at transport and startup boundaries by juliusmarminge · Pull Request #21999 · pingdotgg/t3code

juliusmarminge · 2026-10-19T23:15:47Z

Problem

Reusable transport and startup operations still use Effect.gen wrappers. Service operations should have named spans while request handlers retain middleware-owned tracing and connector-lifetime loops avoid long-lived wrapper spans.

Change

Replace 87 reusable generator wrappers in authentication, CLI, MCP, cloud, browser transport, and startup code. Request handlers retain their middleware-owned spans, and startup's generic command queue keeps its original callable signature.

Tracing choices

Named Effect.fn covers reusable authentication, CLI, MCP, cloud, and startup service operations where a separate operation span is useful.
Effect.fnUntraced keeps request handlers and their authentication or analytics helpers within middleware-owned request spans, including preview WebSocket, download, and upload handlers. Connector supervision, registration, and readiness loops also stay untraced because they live across the connector lifecycle and restarts.

Scope and approval

This is a maintainer-requested layer of the Effect function migration. The maintainer explicitly requested the migration and this PR stack. It updates tracing boundaries in existing operations while preserving their operational behavior, rather than adding a product feature or default. The work is authored by juliusmarminge (maintainer list); there is no separate public approval discussion.

Depends on #21996.

Verification

The server typecheck passed. Twelve focused suites passed: 237 tests covering OAuth, sessions, MCP, browser transport, startup, and CLI behavior.

Nonvisual refactor; evidence comes from the focused behavior and tracing tests. No UI verification applies.

Diff with whitespace ignored

View	Added lines	Removed lines
Normal diff	3,048	3,018
Whitespace ignored (`git diff -w`)	311	281

Review the files with whitespace hidden. These counts and the patch below are a snapshot of ec72cff, compared with this PR's merge base. Whitespace-only changes are ignored; line wrapping and other textual changes still count.

Expand the full whitespace-ignored patch (26 files; unchanged context omitted)

diff --git a/apps/server/src/auth/McpOAuth.ts b/apps/server/src/auth/McpOAuth.ts
index 7ce72153b4..b7e63cc806 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/auth/McpOAuth.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/auth/McpOAuth.ts
@@ -291,2 +291,2 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-  const register: McpOAuth["Service"]["register"] = (metadata) =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
+  const register: McpOAuth["Service"]["register"] = Effect.fn("McpOAuth.register")(
+    function* (metadata) {
@@ -317 +317,2 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-    });
+    },
+  );
@@ -319,2 +320,3 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-  const validateAuthorization: McpOAuth["Service"]["validateAuthorization"] = ({ urls, request }) =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
+  const validateAuthorization: McpOAuth["Service"]["validateAuthorization"] = Effect.fn(
+    "McpOAuth.validateAuthorization",
+  )(function* ({ urls, request }) {
@@ -356,4 +358 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-        return yield* fail(
-          "invalid_target",
-          `This server only issues tokens for ${urls.resource}.`,
-        );
+      return yield* fail("invalid_target", `This server only issues tokens for ${urls.resource}.`);
@@ -386,2 +385,4 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-  const mintCode = (authorization: AuthorizationRequest, access: AuthMcpClientAccess) =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
+  const mintCode = Effect.fn("McpOAuth.mintCode")(function* (
+    authorization: AuthorizationRequest,
+    access: AuthMcpClientAccess,
+  ) {
@@ -393,3 +394 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const next = new Map(
-          Array.from(current).filter(([, pending]) => pending.expiresAtMs > now),
-        );
+      const next = new Map(Array.from(current).filter(([, pending]) => pending.expiresAtMs > now));
@@ -410,2 +409 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-  const approve: McpOAuth["Service"]["approve"] = (input) =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
+  const approve: McpOAuth["Service"]["approve"] = Effect.fn("McpOAuth.approve")(function* (input) {
@@ -461,2 +459,2 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-  const exchangeCode: McpOAuth["Service"]["exchangeCode"] = ({ request, urls, token }) =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
+  const exchangeCode: McpOAuth["Service"]["exchangeCode"] = Effect.fn("McpOAuth.exchangeCode")(
+    function* ({ request, urls, token }) {
@@ -520 +518,2 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-    });
+    },
+  );
diff --git a/apps/server/src/auth/SessionStore.ts b/apps/server/src/auth/SessionStore.ts
index b9fda7a67e..5c08e978f9 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/auth/SessionStore.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/auth/SessionStore.ts
@@ -542,2 +542,3 @@ export const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-  const loadActiveSession = (sessionId: AuthSessionId) =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
+  const loadActiveSession = Effect.fn("SessionStore.loadActiveSession")(function* (
+    sessionId: AuthSessionId,
+  ) {
diff --git a/apps/server/src/auth/dpop.ts b/apps/server/src/auth/dpop.ts
index f191c354e1..9d2262e6fc 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/auth/dpop.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/auth/dpop.ts
@@ -55 +55 @@ export const mapDpopReplayStoreError = (
-export const verifyRequestDpopProof = (input: {
+export const verifyRequestDpopProof = Effect.fn("dpop.verifyRequestDpopProof")(function* (input: {
@@ -59,2 +59 @@ export const verifyRequestDpopProof = (input: {
-}) =>
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
+}) {
diff --git a/apps/server/src/auth/http.ts b/apps/server/src/auth/http.ts
index 0e02c8782c..ae052abbf0 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/auth/http.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/auth/http.ts
@@ -54,2 +54,3 @@ const appendDpopChallengeHeader = HttpEffect.appendPreResponseHandler((_request,
-const appendDpopChallengeOnUnauthorized = (error: EnvironmentAuthInvalidError) =>
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
+const appendDpopChallengeOnUnauthorized =
+  /* Request instrumentation already owns the span; keep this helper in that context. */
+  Effect.fnUntraced(function* (error: EnvironmentAuthInvalidError) {
@@ -71,2 +72,3 @@ const currentEnvironmentTraceId = Effect.currentParentSpan.pipe(
-export function annotateEnvironmentRequest(endpoint: string) {
-  return Effect.gen(function* () {
+export const annotateEnvironmentRequest =
+  /* Request instrumentation already owns the span; keep this helper in that context. */
+  Effect.fnUntraced(function* (endpoint: string) {
@@ -94 +95,0 @@ export function annotateEnvironmentRequest(endpoint: string) {
-}
@@ -163,2 +164,3 @@ export function failEnvironmentNotFound(reason: EnvironmentResourceNotFoundReaso
-export const authenticateMediaRequest = (requiredScope: AuthEnvironmentScope) =>
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
+export const authenticateMediaRequest =
+  /* Request instrumentation already owns the span; keep this helper in that context. */
+  Effect.fnUntraced(function* (requiredScope: AuthEnvironmentScope) {
@@ -186,2 +188,3 @@ export const authenticateMediaRequest = (requiredScope: AuthEnvironmentScope) =>
-export function failEnvironmentInternal(reason: EnvironmentInternalErrorReason, error?: unknown) {
-  return Effect.gen(function* () {
+export const failEnvironmentInternal =
+  /* Request instrumentation already owns the span; keep this helper in that context. */
+  Effect.fnUntraced(function* (reason: EnvironmentInternalErrorReason, error?: unknown) {
@@ -198 +200,0 @@ export function failEnvironmentInternal(reason: EnvironmentInternalErrorReason,
-}
diff --git a/apps/server/src/auth/mcpOAuthHttp.ts b/apps/server/src/auth/mcpOAuthHttp.ts
index 81a343dd8c..d8f2471872 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/auth/mcpOAuthHttp.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/auth/mcpOAuthHttp.ts
@@ -41 +41,3 @@ const requestUrls = Effect.map(HttpServerRequest.HttpServerRequest, McpOAuth.req
-const forwardedAuthorization = (
+const forwardedAuthorization =
+  /* Request instrumentation already owns the span; keep this helper in that context. */
+  Effect.fnUntraced(function* (
@@ -44,2 +46 @@ const forwardedAuthorization = (
-) =>
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
+  ) {
diff --git a/apps/server/src/bootstrap.ts b/apps/server/src/bootstrap.ts
index 708a8fd911..09c8277a14 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/bootstrap.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/bootstrap.ts
@@ -169,2 +169,3 @@ const isFdReady = (fd: number) =>
-const makeBootstrapInputStream = (fd: number) =>
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
+const makeBootstrapInputStream = Effect.fn("bootstrap.makeBootstrapInputStream")(function* (
+  fd: number,
+) {
diff --git a/apps/server/src/cli/auth.ts b/apps/server/src/cli/auth.ts
index 8195538a55..0aeb7d6a3b 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/cli/auth.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/cli/auth.ts
@@ -26 +26 @@ import {
-const runWithEnvironmentAuth = <A, E>(
+const runWithEnvironmentAuth = Effect.fn("auth.runWithEnvironmentAuth")(function* <A, E>(
@@ -32,2 +32 @@ const runWithEnvironmentAuth = <A, E>(
-) =>
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
+) {
diff --git a/apps/server/src/cli/config.ts b/apps/server/src/cli/config.ts
index 0ee42f76de..c7271b795b 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/cli/config.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/cli/config.ts
@@ -252 +252 @@ const loadPersistedObservabilitySettings = Effect.fn(function* (settingsPath: st
-export const resolveServerConfig = (
+export const resolveServerConfig = Effect.fn("config.resolveServerConfig")(function* (
@@ -260,2 +260 @@ export const resolveServerConfig = (
-) =>
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
+) {
diff --git a/apps/server/src/cli/invocation.ts b/apps/server/src/cli/invocation.ts
index 6fe0304307..4be566c10e 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/cli/invocation.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/cli/invocation.ts
@@ -173,2 +173,4 @@ const resolveInstallLauncher = Effect.gen(function* () {
-export const resolveHostCliCommand = (subcommand: string, args: ReadonlyArray<string> = []) =>
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
+export const resolveHostCliCommand = Effect.fn("invocation.resolveHostCliCommand")(function* (
+  subcommand: string,
+  args: ReadonlyArray<string> = [],
+) {
@@ -195,2 +197,3 @@ export const resolveHostCliCommand = (subcommand: string, args: ReadonlyArray<st
-export const resolveRootCliCommand = (subcommand: string) =>
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
+export const resolveRootCliCommand = Effect.fn("invocation.resolveRootCliCommand")(function* (
+  subcommand: string,
+) {
diff --git a/apps/server/src/cli/pair.ts b/apps/server/src/cli/pair.ts
index 723e77144e..073606bf63 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/cli/pair.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/cli/pair.ts
@@ -183 +183 @@ type EnvironmentProbeResult =
-const probeEnvironmentDescriptor = (
+const probeEnvironmentDescriptor: (
@@ -185,2 +185,4 @@ const probeEnvironmentDescriptor = (
-): Effect.Effect<EnvironmentProbeResult, never, HttpClient.HttpClient> =>
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
+) => Effect.Effect<EnvironmentProbeResult, never, HttpClient.HttpClient> = Effect.fn(
+  "pair.probeEnvironmentDescriptor",
+)(
+  function* (baseUrl: string) {
@@ -205 +207,3 @@ const probeEnvironmentDescriptor = (
-  }).pipe(Effect.catch((outcome) => Effect.succeed(outcome)));
+  },
+  Effect.catch((outcome) => Effect.succeed(outcome)),
+);
diff --git a/apps/server/src/cli/project.ts b/apps/server/src/cli/project.ts
index 8f352489b8..b567a7d4d3 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/cli/project.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/cli/project.ts
@@ -319,2 +319,2 @@ const findActiveProjectTarget = Effect.fn("findActiveProjectTarget")(function* (
-const fetchLiveOrchestrationSnapshot = (origin: string, bearerToken: string) =>
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
+const fetchLiveOrchestrationSnapshot = Effect.fn("project.fetchLiveOrchestrationSnapshot")(
+  function* (origin: string, bearerToken: string) {
@@ -325 +325,3 @@ const fetchLiveOrchestrationSnapshot = (origin: string, bearerToken: string) =>
-  }).pipe(
+  },
+  (effect, _origin, _bearerToken) =>
+    effect.pipe(
@@ -327,0 +330 @@ const fetchLiveOrchestrationSnapshot = (origin: string, bearerToken: string) =>
+    ),
@@ -330,6 +333,2 @@ const fetchLiveOrchestrationSnapshot = (origin: string, bearerToken: string) =>
-const dispatchLiveOrchestrationCommand = (
-  origin: string,
-  bearerToken: string,
-  command: ProjectCliDispatchCommand,
-) =>
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
+const dispatchLiveOrchestrationCommand = Effect.fn("project.dispatchLiveOrchestrationCommand")(
+  function* (origin: string, bearerToken: string, command: ProjectCliDispatchCommand) {
@@ -341 +340,3 @@ const dispatchLiveOrchestrationCommand = (
-  }).pipe(
+  },
+  (effect, _origin, _bearerToken, _command) =>
+    effect.pipe(
@@ -343,0 +345 @@ const dispatchLiveOrchestrationCommand = (
+    ),
diff --git a/apps/server/src/cli/server.ts b/apps/server/src/cli/server.ts
index b43201cd29..e9f0d7e19a 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/cli/server.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/cli/server.ts
@@ -16 +16 @@ const encodeCommand = Schema.encodeEffect(Schema.fromJsonString(Schema.String));
-const runServerCommand = (
+const runServerCommand = Effect.fn("server.runServerCommand")(function* (
@@ -23,2 +23 @@ const runServerCommand = (
-) =>
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
+) {
@@ -38,2 +37,3 @@ const runServerCommand = (
-export const runDefaultServerCommand = (flags: CliServerFlags) =>
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
+export const runDefaultServerCommand = Effect.fn("server.runDefaultServerCommand")(function* (
+  flags: CliServerFlags,
+) {
@@ -50,4 +50 @@ export const runDefaultServerCommand = (flags: CliServerFlags) =>
-      if (
-        !explicitPath &&
-        (!(yield* fs.exists(cwd)) || (yield* fs.stat(cwd)).type !== "Directory")
-      ) {
+    if (!explicitPath && (!(yield* fs.exists(cwd)) || (yield* fs.stat(cwd)).type !== "Directory")) {
diff --git a/apps/server/src/cloud/ManagedEndpointRuntime.ts b/apps/server/src/cloud/ManagedEndpointRuntime.ts
index 1302b2167d..03fc9def01 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/cloud/ManagedEndpointRuntime.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/cloud/ManagedEndpointRuntime.ts
@@ -188,2 +188,3 @@ export const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-  const superviseConnector = (connector: ActiveConnector) =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
+  // Lives until connector exit and starts replacements; avoid nested lifetime spans.
+  const superviseConnector = Effect.fnUntraced(
+    function* (connector: ActiveConnector) {
@@ -256 +257 @@ export const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-    }).pipe(
+    },
@@ -373,2 +374,3 @@ export const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-  const watchConnectorRegistration = (connector: ActiveConnector) =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
+  // Registration retries can last for the connector lifetime; keep this loop untraced.
+  const watchConnectorRegistration = Effect.fnUntraced(
+    function* (connector: ActiveConnector) {
@@ -387 +389,3 @@ export const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-    }).pipe(Effect.repeat({ until: (connected) => connected }));
+    },
+    Effect.repeat({ until: (connected) => connected }),
+  );
@@ -390,2 +394,2 @@ export const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-  const watchConnectorReadiness = (connector: ActiveConnector) =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
+  // Readiness polling runs for the connector lifetime; keep this loop untraced.
+  const watchConnectorReadiness = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (connector: ActiveConnector) {
diff --git a/apps/server/src/cloud/bootService.ts b/apps/server/src/cloud/bootService.ts
index 8820fc9d44..00ab464bea 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/cloud/bootService.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/cloud/bootService.ts
@@ -880 +880 @@ export const make = Effect.fn("cloud.boot_service.make")(function* (input: {
-  const withStopped = <A, E, R>(
+  const withStopped = Effect.fn("cloud.boot_service.with_stopped")(function* <A, E, R>(
@@ -882,2 +882 @@ export const make = Effect.fn("cloud.boot_service.make")(function* (input: {
-  ): Effect.Effect<A, E | BootServiceError, R> =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
+  ): Effect.fn.Return<A, E | BootServiceError, R> {
@@ -933 +932 @@ export const make = Effect.fn("cloud.boot_service.make")(function* (input: {
-    }).pipe(Effect.withSpan("cloud.boot_service.with_stopped"));
+  });
diff --git a/apps/server/src/cloud/config.ts b/apps/server/src/cloud/config.ts
index acee576095..90713806b7 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/cloud/config.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/cloud/config.ts
@@ -51 +51 @@ export function isAgentActivityPublishingEnabledValue(value: string | null): boo
-export const readAgentActivityPublishingActive = (
+export const readAgentActivityPublishingActive: (
@@ -53,2 +53,2 @@ export const readAgentActivityPublishingActive = (
-): Effect.Effect<boolean> =>
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
+) => Effect.Effect<boolean> = Effect.fn("config.readAgentActivityPublishingActive")(
+  function* (secrets: ServerSecretStore.ServerSecretStore["Service"]) {
@@ -77 +77,3 @@ export const readAgentActivityPublishingActive = (
-  }).pipe(Effect.orElseSucceed(() => false));
+  },
+  Effect.orElseSucceed(() => false),
+);
diff --git a/apps/server/src/cloud/selfUpdate.ts b/apps/server/src/cloud/selfUpdate.ts
index df683f814d..4180d7ece6 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/cloud/selfUpdate.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/cloud/selfUpdate.ts
@@ -144,2 +144 @@ export const withRunningThreadContinuation = Effect.fn(
-    commitDesktopUpdate: (requestId) =>
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
+    commitDesktopUpdate: Effect.fn("selfUpdate.commitDesktopUpdate")(function* (requestId) {
diff --git a/apps/server/src/http.ts b/apps/server/src/http.ts
index f623d3441c..3b8ba8055e 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/http.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/http.ts
@@ -294 +294,3 @@ export function resolveDevRedirectUrl(devUrl: URL, requestUrl: URL): string {
-const authenticateRawRouteWithScope = (
+const authenticateRawRouteWithScope =
+  /* Request instrumentation already owns the span; keep this helper in that context. */
+  Effect.fnUntraced(function* (
@@ -296,2 +298 @@ const authenticateRawRouteWithScope = (
-) =>
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
+  ) {
diff --git a/apps/server/src/mcp/AcpMcpStdioBridge.ts b/apps/server/src/mcp/AcpMcpStdioBridge.ts
index 82a3aaa16e..f61d20b2cf 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/mcp/AcpMcpStdioBridge.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/mcp/AcpMcpStdioBridge.ts
@@ -77,2 +77,3 @@ export function callAcpMcpTool(
-    const send = (message: unknown): Effect.Effect<ReadonlyArray<unknown>, AcpMcpBridgeError> =>
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const send = Effect.fn("AcpMcpStdioBridge.send")(function* (
+      message: unknown,
+    ): Effect.fn.Return<ReadonlyArray<unknown>, AcpMcpBridgeError> {
@@ -159,2 +160,3 @@ export function runAcpMcpStdioBridge(options: AcpMcpStdioBridgeOptions): Effect.
-    const handleServerPayload = (payload: unknown): Effect.Effect<void> =>
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const handleServerPayload = Effect.fn("AcpMcpStdioBridge.handleServerPayload")(function* (
+      payload: unknown,
+    ): Effect.fn.Return<void> {
@@ -178,2 +180,4 @@ export function runAcpMcpStdioBridge(options: AcpMcpStdioBridgeOptions): Effect.
-    const forward = (line: string, envelope: JsonRpcEnvelope): Effect.Effect<void> =>
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const forward: (line: string, envelope: JsonRpcEnvelope) => Effect.Effect<void> = Effect.fn(
+      "AcpMcpStdioBridge.forward",
+    )(
+      function* (line: string, envelope: JsonRpcEnvelope) {
@@ -206 +210,3 @@ export function runAcpMcpStdioBridge(options: AcpMcpStdioBridgeOptions): Effect.
-      }).pipe(
+      },
+      (effect, _line, envelope) =>
+        effect.pipe(
@@ -214,0 +221 @@ export function runAcpMcpStdioBridge(options: AcpMcpStdioBridgeOptions): Effect.
+        ),
@@ -224,2 +231,3 @@ export function runAcpMcpStdioBridge(options: AcpMcpStdioBridgeOptions): Effect.
-    const launch = (task: Effect.Effect<void>): Effect.Effect<void> =>
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const launch = Effect.fn("AcpMcpStdioBridge.launch")(function* (
+      task: Effect.Effect<void>,
+    ): Effect.fn.Return<void> {
@@ -239,2 +247,3 @@ export function runAcpMcpStdioBridge(options: AcpMcpStdioBridgeOptions): Effect.
-    const dispatch = (line: string): Effect.Effect<void> =>
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const dispatch = Effect.fn("AcpMcpStdioBridge.dispatch")(function* (
+      line: string,
+    ): Effect.fn.Return<void> {
@@ -250,2 +259 @@ export function runAcpMcpStdioBridge(options: AcpMcpStdioBridgeOptions): Effect.
-        const isResponse =
-          envelope.id !== undefined && ("result" in envelope || "error" in envelope);
+      const isResponse = envelope.id !== undefined && ("result" in envelope || "error" in envelope);
@@ -259,3 +267 @@ export function runAcpMcpStdioBridge(options: AcpMcpStdioBridgeOptions): Effect.
-          const fiber = yield* Effect.forkChild(
-            prior.pipe(Effect.andThen(forward(line, envelope))),
-          );
+        const fiber = yield* Effect.forkChild(prior.pipe(Effect.andThen(forward(line, envelope))));
diff --git a/apps/server/src/mcp/McpHttpServer.ts b/apps/server/src/mcp/McpHttpServer.ts
index dbca27b8eb..2f19cc8cec 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/mcp/McpHttpServer.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/mcp/McpHttpServer.ts
@@ -637 +637,5 @@ const imageToolFailure =
-const registerImageTool = <T extends Tool.Any, E, R>(
+const registerImageTool = Effect.fn("McpHttpServer.registerImageTool")(function* <
+  T extends Tool.Any,
+  E,
+  R,
+>(
@@ -649,2 +653 @@ const registerImageTool = <T extends Tool.Any, E, R>(
-) =>
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
+) {
@@ -823,2 +826,3 @@ const handoffTargetIds = (
-const withToolAnalytics = <A, E, R>(registration: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) =>
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
+const withToolAnalytics =
+  /* Request instrumentation already owns the span; keep this helper in that context. */
+  Effect.fnUntraced(function* <A, E, R>(registration: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) {
@@ -837,2 +841,3 @@ const withToolAnalytics = <A, E, R>(registration: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) =>
-    const depthOf = (thread: AgentThread) =>
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const depthOf =
+      /* Request instrumentation already owns the span; keep this helper in that context. */
+      Effect.fnUntraced(function* (thread: AgentThread) {
@@ -871 +876,4 @@ const withToolAnalytics = <A, E, R>(registration: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) =>
-    const record = (
+    const record =
+      /* Request instrumentation already owns the span; keep this helper in that context. */
+      Effect.fnUntraced(
+        function* (
@@ -876,2 +884 @@ const withToolAnalytics = <A, E, R>(registration: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) =>
-    ) =>
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        ) {
@@ -907 +914,4 @@ const withToolAnalytics = <A, E, R>(registration: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) =>
-                callerScheduledRun: yield* scheduledRunOf(invocation.threadId, caller.activeRunId),
+                  callerScheduledRun: yield* scheduledRunOf(
+                    invocation.threadId,
+                    caller.activeRunId,
+                  ),
@@ -911 +921,3 @@ const withToolAnalytics = <A, E, R>(registration: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) =>
-          ...(handoff ? { settings: handoffSettings(tool, args, result?.structuredContent) } : {}),
+            ...(handoff
+              ? { settings: handoffSettings(tool, args, result?.structuredContent) }
+              : {}),
@@ -916 +928,3 @@ const withToolAnalytics = <A, E, R>(registration: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) =>
-      }).pipe(Effect.ignoreCause);
+        },
+        (effect, _tool, _args, _result, _durationMs) => effect.pipe(Effect.ignoreCause),
+      );
@@ -922,2 +936,3 @@ const withToolAnalytics = <A, E, R>(registration: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) =>
-          handle: (payload) =>
-            Effect.gen(function* () {
+          handle:
+            /* Request instrumentation already owns the span; keep this helper in that context. */
+            Effect.fnUntraced(function* (payload) {
diff --git a/apps/server/src/mcp/OrchestratorMcpService.ts b/apps/server/src/mcp/OrchestratorMcpService.ts
index 5cc1fe4f12..9e300aa23d 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/mcp/OrchestratorMcpService.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/mcp/OrchestratorMcpService.ts
@@ -1023,2 +1023,3 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-  const loadCaller = (scope: McpInvocationScope) =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
+  const loadCaller = Effect.fn("OrchestratorMcpService.loadCaller")(function* (
+    scope: McpInvocationScope,
+  ) {
@@ -1045,2 +1046,4 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-  const loadThreadCaller = (scope: McpInvocationScope, operation: string) =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
+  const loadThreadCaller = Effect.fn("OrchestratorMcpService.loadThreadCaller")(function* (
+    scope: McpInvocationScope,
+    operation: string,
+  ) {
@@ -1068,2 +1071,3 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-  const loadTargetThread = (threadId: ThreadId) =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
+  const loadTargetThread = Effect.fn("OrchestratorMcpService.loadTargetThread")(function* (
+    threadId: ThreadId,
+  ) {
@@ -1079,2 +1083,4 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-  const loadScopedThread = (scope: McpInvocationScope, threadId: ThreadId) =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
+  const loadScopedThread = Effect.fn("OrchestratorMcpService.loadScopedThread")(function* (
+    scope: McpInvocationScope,
+    threadId: ThreadId,
+  ) {
@@ -1138,2 +1144,4 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-  const loadReadableThread = (scope: McpInvocationScope, threadId: ThreadId) =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
+  const loadReadableThread = Effect.fn("OrchestratorMcpService.loadReadableThread")(function* (
+    scope: McpInvocationScope,
+    threadId: ThreadId,
+  ) {
@@ -1199 +1207 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-  const resolveTarget = (input: {
+  const resolveTarget = Effect.fn("OrchestratorMcpService.resolveTarget")(function* (input: {
@@ -1211,2 +1219 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-  }): Effect.Effect<ResolvedTarget, OrchestratorMcpFailure> =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
+  }): Effect.fn.Return<ResolvedTarget, OrchestratorMcpFailure> {
@@ -1343 +1350 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-  const readTask = (
+  const readTask = Effect.fn("OrchestratorMcpService.readTask")(function* (
@@ -1349,2 +1356 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-  ): Effect.Effect<OrchestratorMcpDelegateTaskResult, OrchestratorMcpFailure> =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
+  ): Effect.fn.Return<OrchestratorMcpDelegateTaskResult, OrchestratorMcpFailure> {
@@ -1368,8 +1374 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-          [
-            "runs",
-            "messages",
-            "contextTransfers",
-            "subagents",
-            "providerThreads",
-            "runtimeRequests",
-          ],
+        ["runs", "messages", "contextTransfers", "subagents", "providerThreads", "runtimeRequests"],
@@ -1479,2 +1478 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-        latestTerminalSummary:
-          latestTerminalSummary === derivedResult ? null : latestTerminalSummary,
+      latestTerminalSummary: latestTerminalSummary === derivedResult ? null : latestTerminalSummary,
@@ -1530,2 +1528,2 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-  const waitForTask = (scope: McpThreadInvocationScope, taskId: NodeId, timeoutMs: number) =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
+  const waitForTask = Effect.fn("OrchestratorMcpService.waitForTask")(
+    function* (scope: McpThreadInvocationScope, taskId: NodeId, _timeoutMs: number) {
@@ -1562 +1560,4 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-    }).pipe(Effect.timeoutOption(Duration.millis(timeoutMs)), Effect.map(Option.flatten));
+    },
+    (effect, _scope, _taskId, timeoutMs) =>
+      effect.pipe(Effect.timeoutOption(Duration.millis(timeoutMs)), Effect.map(Option.flatten)),
+  );
@@ -1564,2 +1565,2 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-  const scheduledTaskRunModes = (task: ScheduledTask) =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
+  const scheduledTaskRunModes = Effect.fn("OrchestratorMcpService.scheduledTaskRunModes")(
+    function* (task: ScheduledTask) {
@@ -1572 +1573,2 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-    });
+    },
+  );
@@ -1589 +1591,2 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-  const summarizeScheduledTask = (
+  const summarizeScheduledTask = Effect.fn("OrchestratorMcpService.summarizeScheduledTask")(
+    function* (
@@ -1599,2 +1602 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-  ) =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
+    ) {
@@ -1612 +1614,2 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-    });
+    },
+  );
@@ -1619 +1622 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-  const loadScheduledTask = (
+  const loadScheduledTask = Effect.fn("OrchestratorMcpService.loadScheduledTask")(function* (
@@ -1625,2 +1628 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-  ): Effect.Effect<ScheduledTask, OrchestratorMcpFailure> =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
+  ): Effect.fn.Return<ScheduledTask, OrchestratorMcpFailure> {
@@ -1646,2 +1648 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-    scheduleTask: (scope, input) =>
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
+    scheduleTask: Effect.fn("OrchestratorMcpService.scheduleTask")(function* (scope, input) {
@@ -1655,4 +1656 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-        if (
-          bindToCurrentThread &&
-          (parent === undefined || parent.thread.projectId !== projectId)
-        ) {
+      if (bindToCurrentThread && (parent === undefined || parent.thread.projectId !== projectId)) {
@@ -1705,2 +1703,2 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-    listScheduledTasks: (scope, input) =>
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
+    listScheduledTasks: Effect.fn("OrchestratorMcpService.listScheduledTasks")(
+      function* (scope, input) {
@@ -1722,3 +1720,4 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-      }),
-    updateScheduledTask: (scope, input) =>
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
+      },
+    ),
+    updateScheduledTask: Effect.fn("OrchestratorMcpService.updateScheduledTask")(
+      function* (scope, input) {
@@ -1775,3 +1774,4 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-      }),
-    deleteScheduledTask: (scope, input) =>
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
+      },
+    ),
+    deleteScheduledTask: Effect.fn("OrchestratorMcpService.deleteScheduledTask")(
+      function* (scope, input) {
@@ -1789,3 +1789,3 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-      }),
-    requestSecret: (scope, input) =>
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
+      },
+    ),
+    requestSecret: Effect.fn("OrchestratorMcpService.requestSecret")(function* (scope, input) {
@@ -1913 +1913 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-      }).pipe(Effect.withSpan("OrchestratorMcpService.requestSecret")),
+    }),
@@ -1915,2 +1915 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-    capabilities: (scope) =>
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
+    capabilities: Effect.fn("OrchestratorMcpService.capabilities")(function* (scope) {
@@ -1974,2 +1973 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-    delegateTask: (callerScope, input) =>
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
+    delegateTask: Effect.fn("OrchestratorMcpService.delegateTask")(function* (callerScope, input) {
@@ -2089,2 +2087 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-          (stored) =>
-            stored.event.type === "run.created" && stored.event.threadId === childThreadId,
+        (stored) => stored.event.type === "run.created" && stored.event.threadId === childThreadId,
@@ -2150,2 +2147 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-    taskStatus: (callerScope, taskId) =>
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
+    taskStatus: Effect.fn("OrchestratorMcpService.taskStatus")(function* (callerScope, taskId) {
@@ -2155,2 +2151 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-    cancelTask: (callerScope, input) =>
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
+    cancelTask: Effect.fn("OrchestratorMcpService.cancelTask")(function* (callerScope, input) {
@@ -2164,2 +2159,3 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const assertStoppable = (threadId: ThreadId): Effect.Effect<void, OrchestratorMcpFailure> =>
-          Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const assertStoppable = Effect.fn("OrchestratorMcpService.assertStoppable")(function* (
+        threadId: ThreadId,
+      ): Effect.fn.Return<void, OrchestratorMcpFailure> {
@@ -2326,2 +2322,2 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-    createThreads: (callerScope, input) =>
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
+    createThreads: Effect.fn("OrchestratorMcpService.createThreads")(
+      function* (callerScope, input) {
@@ -2493,3 +2489,3 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-      }),
-    listThreads: (scope, input) =>
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
+      },
+    ),
+    listThreads: Effect.fn("OrchestratorMcpService.listThreads")(function* (scope, input) {
@@ -2513,2 +2509 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-            (thread) =>
-              statuses === null || statuses.has(thread.activityRunStatus ?? thread.status),
+          (thread) => statuses === null || statuses.has(thread.activityRunStatus ?? thread.status),
@@ -2525,2 +2520 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-              titleContains === undefined ||
-              thread.title.toLocaleLowerCase().includes(titleContains),
+            titleContains === undefined || thread.title.toLocaleLowerCase().includes(titleContains),
@@ -2540,2 +2534 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-    readThread: (scope, input) =>
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
+    readThread: Effect.fn("OrchestratorMcpService.readThread")(function* (scope, input) {
@@ -2574,3 +2567 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-          page
-            .filter((row) => row.sourceThreadId === target.thread.id)
-            .map((row) => row.item.runId),
+        page.filter((row) => row.sourceThreadId === target.thread.id).map((row) => row.item.runId),
@@ -2635,2 +2626 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-    sendToThread: (scope, input) =>
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
+    sendToThread: Effect.fn("OrchestratorMcpService.sendToThread")(function* (scope, input) {
@@ -2680,3 +2670 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-          ...(result.run.delegatedTaskId === undefined
-            ? {}
-            : { taskId: result.run.delegatedTaskId }),
+        ...(result.run.delegatedTaskId === undefined ? {} : { taskId: result.run.delegatedTaskId }),
@@ -2687,2 +2675 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-    waitForThread: (scope, input) =>
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
+    waitForThread: Effect.fn("OrchestratorMcpService.waitForThread")(function* (scope, input) {
@@ -2708,2 +2695 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-    interruptThread: (scope, input) =>
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
+    interruptThread: Effect.fn("OrchestratorMcpService.interruptThread")(function* (scope, input) {
diff --git a/apps/server/src/mcp/toolkits/device/handlers.ts b/apps/server/src/mcp/toolkits/device/handlers.ts
index d42efd9168..c4f3449a29 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/mcp/toolkits/device/handlers.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/mcp/toolkits/device/handlers.ts
@@ -72 +72 @@ const requireDeviceAccess = McpInvocationContext.requireThreadMcpCapability("dev
-const pickDevice = (
+const pickDevice = Effect.fn("handlers.pickDevice")(function* (
@@ -79,2 +79 @@ const pickDevice = (
-): Effect.Effect<DeviceSummary, DeviceToolUnavailableError> =>
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
+): Effect.fn.Return<DeviceSummary, DeviceToolUnavailableError> {
diff --git a/apps/server/src/preview/DesktopBrowserChannel.ts b/apps/server/src/preview/DesktopBrowserChannel.ts
index 02ff699739..0d1db856c1 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/preview/DesktopBrowserChannel.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/preview/DesktopBrowserChannel.ts
@@ -133,2 +133 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-  const endpoint = (key: DesktopTabKey) =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
+  const endpoint = Effect.fn("DesktopBrowserChannel.endpoint")(function* (key: DesktopTabKey) {
diff --git a/apps/server/src/preview/ServerBrowser.ts b/apps/server/src/preview/ServerBrowser.ts
index 03a9f76c41..d9626784c3 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/preview/ServerBrowser.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/preview/ServerBrowser.ts
@@ -1240,2 +1240 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-  const findTab = (threadId: string, tabId: string) =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
+  const findTab = Effect.fn("ServerBrowser.findTab")(function* (threadId: string, tabId: string) {
@@ -2223,2 +2222,3 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-  const attachViewer: ServerBrowser["Service"]["attachViewer"] = (input) =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
+  const attachViewer: ServerBrowser["Service"]["attachViewer"] = Effect.fn(
+    "ServerBrowser.attachViewer",
+  )(function* (input) {
@@ -2326,2 +2326 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
-        if (data)
-          viewer.push({ _tag: "frame", data: Buffer.from(data, "base64"), ack: Effect.void });
+      if (data) viewer.push({ _tag: "frame", data: Buffer.from(data, "base64"), ack: Effect.void });
diff --git a/apps/server/src/preview/ServerBrowserStream.ts b/apps/server/src/preview/ServerBrowserStream.ts
index 536d3f2c19..ad42eaf5d7 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/preview/ServerBrowserStream.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/preview/ServerBrowserStream.ts
@@ -54,2 +54,2 @@ const parseMessage = (chunk: Uint8Array | string): unknown => {
-const makeHandler = (browser: ServerBrowser.ServerBrowser["Service"]) =>
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
+// Request middleware owns tracing, including long-lived WebSocket sessions.
+const makeHandler = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (browser: ServerBrowser.ServerBrowser["Service"]) {
@@ -223,2 +223,5 @@ const encodeHostSetup = Schema.encodeSync(Schema.fromJsonString(PreviewStreamHos
-const serveDownload = (browser: ServerBrowser.ServerBrowser["Service"], params: URLSearchParams) =>
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
+// The request span already covers this download route.
+const serveDownload = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (
+  browser: ServerBrowser.ServerBrowser["Service"],
+  params: URLSearchParams,
+) {
@@ -243,2 +246,3 @@ const UPLOAD_MAX_FILES = 20;
-const receiveUpload = (browser: ServerBrowser.ServerBrowser["Service"], params: URLSearchParams) =>
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
+// The request span already covers this upload route.
+const receiveUpload = Effect.fnUntraced(
+  function* (browser: ServerBrowser.ServerBrowser["Service"], params: URLSearchParams) {
@@ -279 +283,3 @@ const receiveUpload = (browser: ServerBrowser.ServerBrowser["Service"], params:
-  }).pipe(Effect.scoped);
+  },
+  (effect, _browser, _params) => effect.pipe(Effect.scoped),
+);
diff --git a/apps/server/src/serverRuntimeStartup.ts b/apps/server/src/serverRuntimeStartup.ts
index c8e0123012..75b86b84f6 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/serverRuntimeStartup.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/serverRuntimeStartup.ts
@@ -112,13 +112,3 @@ export const makeCommandGate = Effect.gen(function* () {
-  return {
-    awaitCommandReady: Deferred.await(commandReady),
-    signalCommandReady: Effect.gen(function* () {
-      yield* Ref.set(commandReadinessState, "ready");
-      yield* Deferred.succeed(commandReady, undefined).pipe(Effect.orDie);
-    }),
-    failCommandReady: (error) =>
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        yield* Ref.set(commandReadinessState, error);
-        yield* Deferred.fail(commandReady, error).pipe(Effect.orDie);
-      }),
-    enqueueCommand: <A, E>(effect: Effect.Effect<A, E>) =>
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
+  const enqueueCommand = Effect.fn("serverRuntimeStartup.enqueueCommand")(function* <A, E>(
+    effect: Effect.Effect<A, E>,
+  ): Effect.fn.Return<A, E | ServerRuntimeStartupError> {
@@ -141,0 +132,11 @@ export const makeCommandGate = Effect.gen(function* () {
+  });
+
+  return {
+    awaitCommandReady: Deferred.await(commandReady),
+    signalCommandReady: Effect.gen(function* () {
+      yield* Ref.set(commandReadinessState, "ready");
+      yield* Deferred.succeed(commandReady, undefined).pipe(Effect.orDie);
+    }),
+    failCommandReady: Effect.fn("serverRuntimeStartup.failCommandReady")(function* (error) {
+      yield* Ref.set(commandReadinessState, error);
+      yield* Deferred.fail(commandReady, error).pipe(Effect.orDie);
@@ -142,0 +144 @@ export const makeCommandGate = Effect.gen(function* () {
+    enqueueCommand,
@@ -361,2 +363,3 @@ export const logBrowserAutoOpenUnavailable = Effect.logInfo("browser auto-open u
-export const maybeOpenBrowser = (target: string) =>
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
+export const maybeOpenBrowser = Effect.fn("serverRuntimeStartup.maybeOpenBrowser")(function* (
+  target: string,
+) {
@@ -416 +419,3 @@ export const startEffectWorkerWithRelay = Effect.fn(
-export function runOrderedV2StartupPhases<
+export const runOrderedV2StartupPhases = Effect.fn(
+  "serverRuntimeStartup.runOrderedV2StartupPhases",
+)(function* <
@@ -437 +441,0 @@ export function runOrderedV2StartupPhases<
-  return Effect.gen(function* () {
@@ -445 +448,0 @@ export function runOrderedV2StartupPhases<
-}
@@ -447,2 +450 @@ export function runOrderedV2StartupPhases<
-const make = (options?: StartupOptions) =>
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
+const make = Effect.fn("serverRuntimeStartup.make")(function* (options?: StartupOptions) {
@@ -640,4 +642 @@ const make = (options?: StartupOptions) =>
-      yield* runStartupPhase(
-        "auxiliary-roots.parked",
-        options?.awaitAuxiliaryParked ?? Effect.void,
-      );
+    yield* runStartupPhase("auxiliary-roots.parked", options?.awaitAuxiliaryParked ?? Effect.void);
diff --git a/apps/server/src/ws.ts b/apps/server/src/ws.ts
index 976f0229de..e19a47e1fe 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/ws.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/ws.ts
@@ -282 +282 @@ type EditorDiscovery = Pick<
-const resolveEditorConfig = <E, R>(
+const resolveEditorConfig = Effect.fn("ws.resolveEditorConfig")(function* <E, R>(
@@ -285,2 +285 @@ const resolveEditorConfig = <E, R>(
-) =>
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
+) {
@@ -1645,2 +1644,3 @@ const layerWsRpc = (
-      const loadServerConfig = (options: { readonly usageLimitsCommand: boolean }) =>
-        Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const loadServerConfig = Effect.fn("ws.loadServerConfig")(function* (options: {
+        readonly usageLimitsCommand: boolean;
+      }) {
@@ -1679,3 +1679 @@ const layerWsRpc = (
-              ...(config.otlpTracesUrl !== undefined
-                ? { otlpTracesUrl: config.otlpTracesUrl }
-                : {}),
+            ...(config.otlpTracesUrl !== undefined ? { otlpTracesUrl: config.otlpTracesUrl } : {}),
@@ -2153,2 +2151,3 @@ const layerWsRpc = (
-        [WS_METHODS.serverRefreshProviders]: (input) =>
-          Effect.gen(function* () {
+        [WS_METHODS.serverRefreshProviders]:
+          /* Request instrumentation already owns the span; keep this helper in that context. */
+          Effect.fnUntraced(function* (input) {
@@ -2228,2 +2227,4 @@ const layerWsRpc = (
-        [WS_METHODS.providerUploadFeedback]: (input) =>
-          Effect.gen(function* () {
+        [WS_METHODS.providerUploadFeedback]:
+          /* Request instrumentation already owns the span; keep this helper in that context. */
+          Effect.fnUntraced(
+            function* (input) {
@@ -2267 +2268,3 @@ const layerWsRpc = (
-          }).pipe(
+            },
+            (effect, input) =>
+              effect.pipe(
@@ -2276,0 +2280 @@ const layerWsRpc = (
+          ),
@@ -2279,2 +2283,3 @@ const layerWsRpc = (
-        [WS_METHODS.providerConsumeResetCredit]: (input) =>
-          Effect.gen(function* () {
+        [WS_METHODS.providerConsumeResetCredit]:
+          /* Request instrumentation already owns the span; keep this helper in that context. */
+          Effect.fnUntraced(function* (input) {
@@ -2335,2 +2340,3 @@ const layerWsRpc = (
-        [WS_METHODS.serverUpsertKeybinding]: (rule) =>
-          Effect.gen(function* () {
+        [WS_METHODS.serverUpsertKeybinding]:
+          /* Request instrumentation already owns the span; keep this helper in that context. */
+          Effect.fnUntraced(function* (rule) {
@@ -2340,2 +2346,3 @@ const layerWsRpc = (
-        [WS_METHODS.serverRemoveKeybinding]: (rule) =>
-          Effect.gen(function* () {
+        [WS_METHODS.serverRemoveKeybinding]:
+          /* Request instrumentation already owns the span; keep this helper in that context. */
+          Effect.fnUntraced(function* (rule) {
@@ -2350,2 +2357,3 @@ const layerWsRpc = (
-        [WS_METHODS.serverUpdateSettings]: ({ patch, providerInstanceMutation }) =>
-          Effect.gen(function* () {
+        [WS_METHODS.serverUpdateSettings]:
+          /* Request instrumentation already owns the span; keep this helper in that context. */
+          Effect.fnUntraced(function* ({ patch, providerInstanceMutation }) {
@@ -2662,2 +2670,3 @@ const layerWsRpc = (
-        [WS_METHODS.assetsCreateUrl]: (input) =>
-          Effect.gen(function* () {
+        [WS_METHODS.assetsCreateUrl]:
+          /* Request instrumentation already owns the span; keep this helper in that context. */
+          Effect.fnUntraced(function* (input) {

Model: GPT-6.1 Sol. Harness: Codex.

github-actions · 2026-10-19T23:20:04Z

Thread transfer impact

✅ Thread transfer remains within every enforced ceiling.

ℹ️ No successful main baseline artifact is available yet. This run establishes the initial measurement.

Provider	Metric	Main baseline	This PR	Impact	PR ceiling
Codex	Total thread wire	—	5.0 KiB	—	6.8 KiB	✅
Codex	Thread snapshot wire	—	3.8 KiB	—	4.9 KiB	✅
Codex	Live turn WebSocket wire	—	1.2 KiB	—	2.0 KiB	✅
Codex	Live turn WebSocket decoded	—	20.9 KiB	—	29.3 KiB	✅
Codex	Live turn messages	—	2	—	8	✅
Claude	Total thread wire	—	5.0 KiB	—	6.8 KiB	✅
Claude	Thread snapshot wire	—	3.8 KiB	—	4.9 KiB	✅
Claude	Live turn WebSocket wire	—	1.2 KiB	—	2.0 KiB	✅
Claude	Live turn WebSocket decoded	—	21.2 KiB	—	29.3 KiB	✅
Claude	Live turn messages	—	2	—	8	✅

Baseline: unavailable · PR result: c26020d · Source CI: success

Scenario and decoded snapshot size

10 historical turns, 5 command tools per turn, 878.9 KiB retained MCP result per historical turn, and a 1.05 MiB retained result in the measured turn.

Codex decoded thread snapshot: 108.5 KiB
Claude decoded thread snapshot: 108.8 KiB

Updated in place by a trusted workflow. PR artifacts are strictly validated and never executed.

coderabbitai · 2026-10-19T23:27:33Z

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📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between bccd9f3 and dfae777.

📒 Files selected for processing: 3

apps/server/src/mcp/OrchestratorMcpService.ts
apps/server/src/preview/ServerBrowser.ts
apps/server/src/ws.ts

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📝 Walkthrough

Server effects across authentication, CLI, cloud services, startup, MCP, browser preview, and WebSocket handling were converted to named Effect.fn or Effect.fnUntraced declarations. The summaries report unchanged control flow and behavior, with MCP image-tool annotations including openWorldHint.

Changes: Server Effect Refactor

Layer / File(s)	Summary
Authentication and request effects `apps/server/src/auth/*`, `apps/server/src/http.ts`	Authentication, session, DPoP, OAuth HTTP, and authorization effects now use `Effect.fn` or `Effect.fnUntraced` declarations.
CLI command and configuration effects `apps/server/src/cli/*`	CLI authentication, configuration resolution, command selection, environment probing, live orchestration requests, and server commands now use `Effect.fn` declarations.
Bootstrap and cloud service effects `apps/server/src/bootstrap.ts`, `apps/server/src/cloud/*`	Bootstrap stream creation and cloud service operations now use `Effect.fn` declarations. The explicit span wrapper on `withStopped` was replaced by an `Effect.fn` name.
Server startup workflow `apps/server/src/serverRuntimeStartup.ts`	Command-gate helpers, browser opening, ordered startup phases, and the startup constructor now use `Effect.fn` declarations. Startup phase order remains unchanged.
MCP transport, tools, and orchestration effects `apps/server/src/mcp/*`	MCP transport, image-tool registration, analytics, device selection, and orchestration operations now use named or untraced Effect functions. Image-tool annotations include `openWorldHint`.
Browser preview effects `apps/server/src/preview/*`	Browser endpoint, tab, viewer, and streaming effects now use `Effect.fn` declarations. Upload effects retain scoped execution.
WebSocket configuration and handlers `apps/server/src/ws.ts`	Editor and server configuration effects, provider handlers, keybinding and settings updates, and asset URL creation now use named or untraced Effect function declarations.

Priority: ⬇️ Low

Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~25 minutes

Change: Refactor

Suggested reviewers: maria-rcks, yash-singh1

Merge Risk: 🔵 Low · up to dfae7

This refactor changes how server operations are traced without changing their behavior. Two tracing issues remain. Browser preview HTTP and WebSocket handlers now open their own spans, and on the WebSocket path the span stays open for the whole viewer session. Cloud connector loops also hold spans open for their full lifetime, and those spans nest across restarts. These affect trace readability and span volume but not user-facing functionality, so the PR is mergeable with owner awareness or a follow-up fix.

Pre-merge checks: 4

Check name	Status	Explanation
Title check		The title clearly and concisely describes the main refactor: using Effect functions at server transport and startup boundaries.
Linked Issues check		Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check		Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Description check		The description includes the required Problem, Change, Scope and approval, and Verification sections. It explains the tracing choices, affected areas, dependency, test results, and why UI evidence doe…

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Explanation

The description includes the required Problem, Change, Scope and approval, and Verification sections. It explains the tracing choices, affected areas, dependency, test results, and why UI evidence does not apply. The approval section does not link to a specific maintainer approval comment, but it identifies the maintainer-requested scope and maintainer-list status.

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macroscopeapp · 2026-10-19T23:28:29Z

Approvability

Verdict: Needs Human Approval

Macroscope's review found this PR requires human approval — This is a broad server-side Effect refactor across authentication, MCP, startup, cloud, and browser transport paths, with some non-mechanical runtime and tracing/lifetime changes. Because authentication and DPoP files are modified, the sensitive-code policy requires human review.

No code changes detected at bccd9f3. Prior analysis still applies.

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Actionable comments posted: 2

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Inline comments:
Review comments at @apps/server/src/cloud/ManagedEndpointRuntime.ts:
- Around line 188-189: Replace Effect.fn with Effect.fnUntraced for
superviseConnector, watchConnectorRegistration, and watchConnectorReadiness.
Preserve their existing behavior, and document briefly that each is a long-lived
background watcher or polling loop whose span should not remain open across
connector lifetime or restarts.

Review comments at @apps/server/src/preview/ServerBrowserStream.ts:
- Around line 54-56: Replace the traced Effect.fn wrappers with
Effect.fnUntraced for makeHandler, serveDownload, and receiveUpload so HTTP
request instrumentation remains the sole owner of the span, including during
long-lived WebSocket sessions. Add concise comments documenting that these
handlers are already covered by request instrumentation.

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📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between bb88777 and a8e412a.

📒 Files selected for processing: 26

apps/server/src/auth/McpOAuth.ts
apps/server/src/auth/SessionStore.ts
apps/server/src/auth/dpop.ts
apps/server/src/auth/http.ts
apps/server/src/auth/mcpOAuthHttp.ts
apps/server/src/bootstrap.ts
apps/server/src/cli/auth.ts
apps/server/src/cli/config.ts
apps/server/src/cli/invocation.ts
apps/server/src/cli/pair.ts
apps/server/src/cli/project.ts
apps/server/src/cli/server.ts
apps/server/src/cloud/ManagedEndpointRuntime.ts
apps/server/src/cloud/bootService.ts
apps/server/src/cloud/config.ts
apps/server/src/cloud/selfUpdate.ts
apps/server/src/http.ts
apps/server/src/mcp/AcpMcpStdioBridge.ts
apps/server/src/mcp/McpHttpServer.ts
apps/server/src/mcp/OrchestratorMcpService.ts
apps/server/src/mcp/toolkits/device/handlers.ts
apps/server/src/preview/DesktopBrowserChannel.ts
apps/server/src/preview/ServerBrowser.ts
apps/server/src/preview/ServerBrowserStream.ts
apps/server/src/serverRuntimeStartup.ts
apps/server/src/ws.ts

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…aries

macroscopeapp · 2026-10-20T01:33:05Z

Macroscope has since reviewed this pull request. An earlier review was skipped by a cost limit; a review has now completed, so that notice no longer applies.

Resolve conflicts with pingdotgg#21999 (Effect functions at transport and startup boundaries) by re-applying the popup handoff changes on the new shape. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

juliusmarminge added this pull request to stack #22001 October 19, 2026 23:15

github-actions Bot added the vouch:trusted PR author is trusted by repo permissions or the VOUCHED list. label Oct 19, 2026

juliusmarminge mentioned this pull request Oct 19, 2026

refactor(effect): trace relay and development tooling operations #21997

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github-actions Bot added the size:XL 500-999 changed lines (additions + deletions). label Oct 19, 2026

juliusmarminge added the macroscope-review Opt PRs made by unvouched contributors in for Macroscope review. Vouched contributors auto-reviews label Oct 19, 2026

juliusmarminge force-pushed the effect-fn/transports branch from 384dd13 to b160a8d Compare October 19, 2026 23:17

juliusmarminge marked this pull request as ready for review October 19, 2026 23:23

juliusmarminge force-pushed the effect-fn/transports branch from b160a8d to fbf12db Compare October 19, 2026 23:25

juliusmarminge force-pushed the effect-fn/transports branch from fbf12db to a8e412a Compare October 19, 2026 23:31

coderabbitai Bot reviewed Oct 19, 2026

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Comment thread apps/server/src/cloud/ManagedEndpointRuntime.ts Outdated

Comment thread apps/server/src/preview/ServerBrowserStream.ts Outdated

juliusmarminge force-pushed the effect-fn/transports branch 2 times, most recently from e3df42f to 6eaf29b Compare October 19, 2026 23:44

juliusmarminge force-pushed the effect-fn/transports branch 2 times, most recently from 091494b to cab3c55 Compare October 20, 2026 00:18

juliusmarminge force-pushed the effect-fn/transports branch 2 times, most recently from 0dd91c9 to bccd9f3 Compare October 20, 2026 00:21

juliusmarminge force-pushed the effect-fn/transports branch from bccd9f3 to dfae777 Compare October 20, 2026 01:10

juliusmarminge force-pushed the effect-fn/transports branch from dfae777 to 4daadaf Compare October 20, 2026 01:18

juliusmarminge force-pushed the effect-fn/transports branch 2 times, most recently from ec72cff to 5981df5 Compare October 20, 2026 01:21

juliusmarminge added 3 commits October 19, 2026 18:22

refactor(server): use Effect functions at transport and startup bound…

a707000

…aries

fix(server): keep connector lifetimes and HTTP handlers untraced

1550a43

fix(mcp): preserve current task result logic through tracing rebase

c26020d

juliusmarminge force-pushed the effect-fn/transports branch from 5981df5 to c26020d Compare October 20, 2026 01:22

juliusmarminge merged commit 889bb95 into main Oct 20, 2026
32 of 35 checks passed

juliusmarminge deleted the effect-fn/transports branch October 20, 2026 01:31

immakermatty mentioned this pull request Oct 21, 2026

Přestavba na upstream T3 Code v0.1.1 Lazurio/t3code#97

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refactor(server): use Effect functions at transport and startup boundaries - #21999

refactor(server): use Effect functions at transport and startup boundaries#21999
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