翻译：第 1 章英文版（试点，见 #4） / English translation pilot — chapter 01

QUALITY.md

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+# Translation quality rubric (MQM-based)
+
+Scoring framework adapted from MQM (Multidimensional Quality Metrics, themqm.org).
+Applies to every file in `book/en/` and `book/ru/`. Reviewers annotate errors per
+item and compute a score; target threshold: **pass** (see below).
+
+## Error dimensions and weights
+
+| Dimension | What counts as an error | Weight |
+|---|---|---|
+| **Accuracy** | Wrong/altered numbers; dropped or added meaning; flipped negation; distorted HR/RR/OR/CI; "improved" claims not in the source; lost hedging («около», «примерно»); over/under-translation | CRITICAL ×5 |
+| **Terminology** | Wrong medical/legal/statistical term (e.g. mammogram rendered as generic X-ray, "eradicate" → "treat", serodiscordant mistranslated); inconsistent term across the file | MAJOR ×3 |
+| **Fluency** | Grammar, punctuation, garbled syntax, calques that are hard to parse | MINOR ×1 |
+| **Style** | Tone mismatch (original is restrained, no moralizing, no exclamation marks); titles not verb-first; register breaks | MINOR ×1 |
+| **Readability** (project-specific) | Applies above all to the «In plain terms / Простыми словами» line: it must read as natural speech, not a calque; a reader must grasp the takeaway in one pass; no sentences that need re-reading | MAJOR ×3 (for that line only) |
+
+Severity multipliers: critical = 25, major = 5, minor = 1.
+
+## Hard rules (automatic fail regardless of score)
+
+1. Any number, DOI, URL, or citation altered or lost.
+2. Any HR/RR/OR/CI value or confidence interval wrong.
+3. Cost-tag comment `<!-- 成本标签: ... -->` not byte-identical.
+4. Sources line not byte-identical after the field label.
+5. Any LLM-invented content (facts, numbers, advice) absent from the source.
+6. Missing status line / back-link / item count mismatch with the source.
+
+## Score
+
+```
+score = 100 − (Σ penalty × weight) / (words / 1000)
+```
+
+Pass thresholds:
+- Accuracy and Terminology: **zero** critical, **zero** major → hard requirement.
+- Fluency + Style combined: score ≥ 95.
+- Readability («plain terms» lines): score ≥ 95, no major.
+
+## Verity (not an error)
+
+Facts that are true for China but not the reader's country are NOT accuracy errors
+when the file carries the China-context disclaimer. Do not "fix" them in
+translation; translation is faithful, adaptation is out of scope.
+
+## Review procedure
+
+1. Read the source item, then the translated item, side by side.
+2. Annotate every error with dimension + severity + exact location.
+3. Compute the score; list all blockers from Hard rules.
+4. Output: verdict per item (pass / fix), full file verdict, and a fix list with
+   concrete suggested wording — not just "awkward".

TRANSLATION.md

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+# Translation conventions (EN / RU)
+
+Applies to everything under `book/en/` and `book/ru/`.
+
+## Status line
+First line of every translated file, before the back-link:
+
+```
+> Unofficial translation of [book/01-不要早死.md](../01-不要早死.md). In case of any discrepancy the Chinese original prevails.
+```
+(RU: «Неофициальный перевод файла book/01-….md. При расхождениях приоритет у китайского оригинала.»)
+
+## Keep untouched
+- Full citation lines in `- 来源：/来源` — author names, journal names, DOIs, URLs, Chinese regulation titles + document numbers stay exactly as in the original. Only the surrounding field label is translated.
+- All numbers, HR/RR/OR/CI values, percentages, prices.
+- The HTML cost-tag comment `<!-- 成本标签: ... -->` — keep the Chinese field names (钱/时间/毅力/收益/口径) and values byte-identical; index.html parses it.
+- Markdown structure: heading levels, `### N.` numbering, list-item order, links.
+
+## Translate
+- Field labels: 成本→Cost/Стоимость, 说人话→In plain terms/Простыми словами, 收益→Benefit/Эффект, 证据等级→Evidence grade/Уровень доказательности, 来源→Sources/Источники, 备注→Notes/Примечания.
+- The «说人话» line is the most important line — translate it fully and idiomatically; it may not introduce numbers absent from the 收益 line.
+- Units: 元→CNY (keep "yuan" also acceptable in RU: «юаней»); keep mmHg, mg, %, etc. Chinese administrative terms (医保, 户口, ICP 备案, 疾控中心) → transliterate or translate with the Chinese term in parentheses on first use in a file.
+- Law/regulation names: translate the meaning + keep the official Chinese name and document number in the sources line (already there); in body text give an English/Russian gloss.
+
+## Tone
+Match the original: restrained, no exclamation marks, no moralizing, verb-first item titles. Grade A/B/C letters stay A/B/C.
+
+## China-context disclaimer
+Chapters 8, 9, 11, 15, 19, 25, 26, 31 (and any other chapter citing Chinese law) get one extra line under the heading:
+"Chapter X cites Chinese laws and institutions; for readers outside China it is reference material, not applicable law." (RU equivalent.)