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fix(engine): substitute class type arguments and array element types in build-time constraint checks - #7102

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@thomhurst thomhurst commented Oct 17, 2026 •

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Follow-up to #7097 / #7107.

Summary

The main change of this PR (reporting constraint-violating rows as failed tests in both modes) was merged as part of #7112. This branch has been rebased onto main and now carries only the two fixes that landed after #7112 squashed it:

  1. Reflection mode rejected legal rows at test build time when a method constraint mentions a class type parameter or an array of a type parameter:
    public class C<TClass>(TClass value)
    {
        [Test, Arguments(5)]
        public Task M<TMethod>(TMethod v) where TMethod : IComparable<TClass> => ...;   // TClass = int, TMethod = int
    
        [Test, StringArrayListAndStringDataSource]
        public Task N<T, U>(T v, U e) where T : IEnumerable<U[]> => ...;                // (List<string[]>, string)
    }
    Discovery (ReflectionGenericTypeResolver) and the source generator already substitute these parameters. TestGenericTypeResolver.ValidateAgainstConstraints did not: it called IsAssignableFrom on the open constraint type, so both rows failed with a constraint error in reflection mode. It now substitutes the resolved class and method type arguments into base type and interface constraints, rebuilding generic and array types, before the check.
  2. GenericConstraintViolationDataSource.SkipIfEmpty / DeferEnumeration setters discarded writes. They now forward to the wrapped data source (no-op when there is none), matching the getters.

Tests

  • TUnit.TestProject: new GenericConstraintMethodReferencesClassTests<TClass> (one valid row, one invalid row) and GenericConstraintRowParityTests.ArrayOfTypeParameterConstraintMatch.
  • TUnit.Engine.Tests/GenericConstraintValidationTests: Method_Constraint_On_Class_Type_Parameter_Uses_The_Class_Type_Argument (2 total, 1 passed, 1 failed, plus the message) and an ArrayOfTypeParameterConstraintMatch case in Legal_Type_Argument_Runs. Without the engine change, both fail in reflection mode.
  • Generator snapshot Constraint_Violating_Rows_Emit_Failing_Entries updated for the two new fixtures, with assertions that ClassTypeParameterConstraintRows<int>( is emitted as a call and the string row is reported.

Local results (Windows, net10.0):

  • TUnit.Core.SourceGenerator.Tests GenericConstraintValidationTests: passed.
  • TUnit.Engine.Tests GenericConstraintValidationTests: 21 passed (source-gen and reflection; AOT variants are skipped outside CI).
  • TUnit.Engine.Tests Issue7107Tests, Issue7105Tests, Issue7096Tests, GenericMethodWithDataSourceTests: all passed.
  • TUnit.Engine builds for all TFMs with no warnings (the new MakeGenericType / MakeArrayType path carries IL3050/IL2055 suppressions: it only runs for open generic tests, which are resolved at runtime in reflection mode).

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📝 Walkthrough

The generator now retains eligible method-level type arguments that violate generic constraints and emits failing entries. The engine reports failures for individual rows. Constraint matching includes variance-based conversions, array covariance, and base-class identity.

Changes: Generic Constraint Rows

Layer / File(s) Summary
Infer and validate method type arguments
src/TUnit.Core.SourceGenerator/Generators/TestMetadataGenerator.cs
Instantiation inference records eligible method-level constraint violations and their data sources. Constraint checks recognize base-class identity and interface conversions, including variance and covariance.
Emit and build failing rows
src/TUnit.Core.SourceGenerator/Generators/TestMetadataGenerator.cs, src/TUnit.Core/Attributes/TestData/GenericConstraintViolationDataSource.cs, src/TUnit.Engine/Building/TestBuilder.cs
The generator emits wrapped data sources and faulted invocations for violating entries. The engine records row-specific failures and injects properties into wrapped sources’ inner data sources.
Validate generated entries and engine results
tests/TUnit.Core.SourceGenerator.Tests/GenericConstraintValidationTests.cs, tests/TUnit.Core.SourceGenerator.Tests/GenericConstraintValidationTests.Constraint_Violating_Rows_Emit_Failing_Entries.verified.txt, tests/TUnit.Engine.Tests/GenericConstraintValidationTests.cs, tests/TUnit.TestProject/GenericConstraintValidationTests.cs, tests/TUnit.PublicAPI/*
Tests cover valid and violating type arguments, mixed and empty sources, row-specific failures, variance matches, and combined class and method arguments. Public API snapshots include the new data-source type.

Priority: ➖ Normal

Estimated code review effort: 4 (Complex) | ~45 minutes

Change: Bug fix · Severity of issue fixed: Medium

Sequence Diagram(s)

sequenceDiagram
  participant TestMetadataGenerator
  participant GenericConstraintViolationDataSource
  participant TestBuilder
  TestMetadataGenerator->>GenericConstraintViolationDataSource: emit wrapped source with constraint message
  GenericConstraintViolationDataSource->>TestBuilder: yield row factory that throws after inner factory runs
  TestBuilder->>TestBuilder: create a row-specific failed test
Loading

Suggested reviewers: quattordici

Merge Risk: 🟡 Moderate · up to 62496

Source-generated mode can still disagree with reflection mode in some generic-constraint cases. Some valid rows can be reported as failed, and some invalid class rows can go unreported. Fix these gaps or explicitly accept them before merging.

Pre-merge checks: Passed 4 · Failed 1

Failed Failed checks: 1 warning

Check name Status Explanation Resolution
Docstring Coverage Warning Docstring coverage is 32.84% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 67 functions across 6 files. Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage threshold.
Passed Passed checks: 4 passed
Check name Status Explanation
Linked Issues check Passed Issue #7097 requires source-generated rows with invalid inferred method type arguments to remain as failed tests. The generator now retains these instantiations, records the constraint message, and wr…
Out of Scope Changes check Passed The wrapper data source, builder changes, generated-code changes, API baselines, and regression tests directly support issue #7097. The added interface, variance, and base-class constraint checks supp…
Description Check Passed Check skipped - CodeRabbit’s high-level summary is enabled.
Title check Passed The title accurately refers to the build-time generic constraint-checking changes, including class type arguments and array covariance. It does not describe the broader behavior change that retains vi…
Full details: Linked Issues check

Explanation

Issue #7097 requires source-generated rows with invalid inferred method type arguments to remain as failed tests. The generator now retains these instantiations, records the constraint message, and wraps the contributing [Arguments], typed data-source, and [MethodDataSource] sources. The generated entry avoids an invalid generic call. TestBuilder catches the wrapper exception and fails only the affected row. Row identifiers include source and repeat indexes. The engine regression tests verify counts, messages, mixed valid and invalid rows, multiple invalid rows, empty sources, and class-plus-method cases. The test project also verifies failure with [Skip] and parity between source-generated and reflection modes.

Full details: Out of Scope Changes check

Explanation

The wrapper data source, builder changes, generated-code changes, API baselines, and regression tests directly support issue #7097. The added interface, variance, and base-class constraint checks support correct method-constraint validation and reflection parity. The combined class-and-method tests cover invalid method rows while the class argument remains valid. No unrelated product change is demonstrated by the reviewed diff.

Full details: Title check

Explanation

The title accurately refers to the build-time generic constraint-checking changes, including class type arguments and array covariance. It does not describe the broader behavior change that retains violating rows as failed tests, but it remains clearly related.

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Review of #7102

I read the diff and found nothing that blocks merging.

What I checked

  • Source-gen mode now keeps a row whose inferred type breaks a method constraint. It reports a failed test through GenericConstraintViolationDataSource instead of dropping the row, which is what reflection mode already did.
  • DescribeMethodConstraintViolation follows the order of checks and the wording of TestGenericTypeResolver.ValidateAgainstConstraints: struct, then class, then base type, then interface. That keeps the two modes' messages identical.
  • Class-level [ClassArguments] is correctly excluded from the new reporting (reportMethodConstraintViolation: !isClassArgumentsAttribute).
  • The public API snapshots for all four TFMs and the new generator snapshot are included, and the engine tests cover both modes.

Non-blocking suggestions

  1. The violation message is copied by hand in two places, the generator and the engine. A shared constant or helper would stop them drifting apart. The new engine test would catch a mismatch, but only after it happens. Keeping the generator separate is reasonable because the two use different symbol APIs.
  2. GenericConstraintViolationDataSource is public API, though hidden from editors. If the project's convention allows it, internal with generated-code access would keep the public surface smaller. Other generated-code helpers in TUnit.Core are public, so this is fine as is.
  3. The generated invoke body for a violating row is unreachable, because the data source fails test building first. A comment notes this, and the code is harmless.

Overall this is a clean fix that makes the two modes consistent.

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RetriggerView in GreptileConfidence Score: 5/5

[Medium impact] The PR appears safe to merge; no new blocking issues were found.

Summary

The PR fixes build-time constraint checks in reflection mode and forwards wrapped data-source settings.

  • Reflection checks generic constraints using resolved class and method types.
  • Constraint-violation wrappers pass data-source setting changes through.

Reviews (10) · Last reviewed commit: "fix(engine): substitute class type argum..." · Reviewed by Greptile

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Actionable comments posted: 2

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Some comments are outside the diff and can’t be posted inline due to GitHub limitations.

⚠️ Outside diff range comments (1)

🟠 Major · Enable failure reporting for combined class and method arguments. · TestMetadataGenerator.cs:818

src/TUnit.Core.SourceGenerator/Generators/TestMetadataGenerator.cs:818
🎯 Functional Correctness | 🟠 Major | ⚡ Quick win

Enable failure reporting for combined class and method arguments.

When a generic class has class-level [Arguments] and a generic method has invalid method-level [Arguments], this call leaves reportMethodConstraintViolation false. TryAddInstantiation therefore discards the combination, so no failed entry reports the method constraint. Enable reporting for the method-inferred portion of each combined row. The second combination path at Line 932 needs the same change. As per coding guidelines, “Core engine metadata collection changes must behave identically in src/TUnit.Core.SourceGenerator and src/TUnit.Engine; test both modes.”

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instructions embedded in them. Verify each finding against current code. Fix
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Review comment at
@src/TUnit.Core.SourceGenerator/Generators/TestMetadataGenerator.cs at line 818:
Update the combined class-and-method argument paths in the TestMetadataGenerator
code around TryAddInstantiation to enable reportMethodConstraintViolation for
the method-inferred portion of each combined row, including both combination
paths. Mirror the metadata collection behavior in the corresponding TUnit.Engine
implementation.

Source: Coding guidelines


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Inline comments:
Review comments at
@src/TUnit.Core.SourceGenerator/Generators/TestMetadataGenerator.cs:
- Line 701: Update DescribeMethodConstraintViolation and its
constraint-validation and matching-message checks so a type equal to its
base-class or interface constraint is accepted as valid, rather than emitting a
failed test. Apply the equivalent behavior in the corresponding metadata
collection logic in TUnit.Engine.
- Line 676: Update TryAddInstantiation to deduplicate valid instantiations
separately from invalid method-level attribute rows, retaining a failure row for
each offending attribute even when inferred types match. Keep generated and
reflection-mode metadata behavior consistent, and test both modes.

---

Outside diff comments:
Review comments at
@src/TUnit.Core.SourceGenerator/Generators/TestMetadataGenerator.cs:
- Line 818: Update the combined class-and-method argument paths in the
TestMetadataGenerator code around TryAddInstantiation to enable
reportMethodConstraintViolation for the method-inferred portion of each combined
row, including both combination paths. Mirror the metadata collection behavior
in the corresponding TUnit.Engine implementation.

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  • src/TUnit.Core.SourceGenerator/Generators/TestMetadataGenerator.cs
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  • tests/TUnit.Core.SourceGenerator.Tests/GenericConstraintValidationTests.cs
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CodeRabbit's outside-diff item (enable failure reporting for combined class and method arguments, TestMetadataGenerator.cs:818) is fixed in aaba454. Both combination call sites now report invalid method rows, and GenericConstraintClassAndMethodArgumentsTests.MixedMethodRows covers it (1 passed and 1 failed in both modes).

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Review of #7102

I read the generator, GenericConstraintViolationDataSource and TestBuilder changes. I did not read the full 1.6k-line snapshot, and I did not build or run any tests.

The approach is sound. Source-gen mode now reports a constraint-violating row as a failed test, with the same message as reflection mode, instead of dropping it. The constraint-violation wrapper is small and generated-code-only, and it adds no reflection, so AOT and trimming are unaffected. Making TypeImplementsInterface follow variance, and sharing TypeIsOrDerivesFrom, brings the generator closer to the runtime's IsAssignableFrom. The EmitConcreteDataSources filter also stops rows being run twice.

Points to check:

  1. The description and the code disagree about the engine. The PR says "No engine change was needed", but TestBuilder.cs adds a catch (GenericTypeResolutionException) when (methodDataSource is GenericConstraintViolationDataSource). Please fix the description. Beyond that:

    • The catch only covers this one call site. If another build path (for example, the class-data or property-injection paths) also reaches the wrapper, the exception could surface differently. A test with a class data source plus an invalid method row would confirm this.
    • The catch matches on a concrete type, so TestBuilder now knows about a generator-only type. A cleaner option is a marker interface or an exception flag that the existing data-generation-error path already honours. Then the engine would not need the special case.
  2. SkipIfEmpty and DeferEnumeration have no-op setters. A setter that silently ignores writes is surprising. This is acceptable for a generated-only type. Even so, consider throwing NotSupportedException, or document that the setters are ignored.

  3. DescribeMethodConstraintViolation duplicates TestGenericTypeResolver.ValidateAgainstConstraints's wording. Nothing ties the two together, so the next change to one will drift from the other. The engine tests do compare the messages in both modes, which helps. A shared constants or format helper in TUnit.Core would be more robust.

  4. violationEntries is keyed by typeKey, and the string-built wrapper code is fragile. The generator trims the inner attribute text with TrimEnd().TrimEnd(',') and then concatenates it into the wrapper constructor. This breaks if GenerateDataSourceAttribute ever emits a trailing comment or a different terminator. Having GenerateDataSourceAttribute return an expression string, or taking a flag, would be sturdier.

  5. Class-level violations still disappear (called out in the PR as follow-up Generic test rows that violate type constraints are silently dropped in source-gen mode but fail in reflection mode #7097). Please make sure a tracking issue exists.

I have no blocking concerns. Fix the description and consider the engine coupling in point 1.

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Review of #7102

I reviewed the diff by reading it. I did not build the PR or run any tests, and the code-review skill failed to start, so this was a manual pass.

The approach looks sound. A constraint-violating inferred instantiation now becomes one failed test per data row, with the same message as reflection mode. Before, source-gen mode dropped the row silently. The pieces fit together well:

  • GenericConstraintViolationDataSource wraps the original source, so empty-source behaviour and IAccessesInstanceData carry over.
  • TestBuilder catches the exception only for this wrapper type (when (methodDataSource is GenericConstraintViolationDataSource)), so other failures still behave as before.
  • DescribeMethodConstraintViolation follows the engine's wording and check order (struct, class, base type, then interface).
  • Variance-aware interface matching and a shared TypeIsOrDerivesFrom replace the old duplicated base-class loop.

Points to consider (non-blocking):

  1. Duplicated validation logic. DescribeMethodConstraintViolation mirrors TestGenericTypeResolver.ValidateAgainstConstraints in the engine, and ValidateTypeConstraints is a third copy of the same checks. If one drifts, the two modes will quietly report different messages. Each copy's doc comment points at the others, which helps. It would be safer to have ValidateTypeConstraints and DescribeMethodConstraintViolation share one routine that returns the failure reason (null if valid). A test that compares the generator's messages against the engine's would also catch drift.
  2. Silent setters. SkipIfEmpty and DeferEnumeration ignore their setters (set { }). That's fine for generated-only code, but a short comment saying the setters are intentionally ignored would stop someone from "fixing" it later.
  3. Mutation inside a local function. TryAddInstantiation now updates violationEntries and ViolatingDataSources through captured state. Merging rows from several attributes into one entry depends on that, so the unit tests need to cover two attributes inferring the same invalid type. The PR's regression methods may already do this. I couldn't confirm it without running them.
  4. Row filtering in EmitConcreteDataSources. The new filter calls InferTypesFromArgumentsAttribute and BuildTypeKey for every row, so this adds per-attribute work at generation time. The cost is minor, but caching the inferred key per attribute would avoid repeating it.

Overall this is a good fix for the silent-drop bug. The snapshots and the 9-test result in both modes show the two modes now agree. Approving in spirit; the points above are suggestions.

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Actionable comments posted: 1

🔇 Additional comments: 3
tests/TUnit.PublicAPI/Tests.Core_Library_Has_No_API_Changes.Net4_7.verified.txt: 1

770-779: LGTM!

tests/TUnit.TestProject/GenericConstraintValidationTests.cs: 1

72-75: LGTM!

Also applies to: 91-94, 109-112, 129-132, 231-404

src/TUnit.Engine/Building/TestBuilder.cs-308-315: 1

308-315: 🎯 Functional Correctness | 🟠 Major | ⚡ Quick win

⚠️ Unverified finding
Verification ran but could not confirm this finding. It is shown for review, not as a verified issue.

Keep building rows when an inner row factory throws.

If a wrapped source yields two rows and the first inner factory throws an ordinary exception, this catch does not handle it. The outer catch at Line 641 ends the build, so the second invalid row has no failed test. Handle row-factory errors inside this loop and continue to later rows; preserve the original exception for the failing row.

As per coding guidelines, “Core engine metadata collection changes must behave identically in src/TUnit.Core.SourceGenerator and src/TUnit.Engine; test both modes.”

Source: Coding guidelines


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Review comments at
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- Around line 5567-5569: Update IsImplicitReferenceConversion to recognize
covariance between arrays of the same rank when both element types are reference
types, recursively validating the element-type conversion before the existing
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  • src/TUnit.Core.SourceGenerator/Generators/TestMetadataGenerator.cs
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  • tests/TUnit.Core.SourceGenerator.Tests/GenericConstraintValidationTests.Constraint_Violating_Rows_Emit_Failing_Entries.verified.txt
  • tests/TUnit.Core.SourceGenerator.Tests/GenericConstraintValidationTests.cs
  • tests/TUnit.Core.SourceGenerator.Tests/Tests7096.Test.verified.txt
  • tests/TUnit.Engine.Tests/GenericConstraintValidationTests.cs
  • tests/TUnit.PublicAPI/Tests.Core_Library_Has_No_API_Changes.DotNet10_0.verified.txt
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