gh-100086: Add build details to sys.version

[vstinner]

Add more build details about how Python was configured in sys.version, like "debug" or "release" build.

Build details and related configure option:

• "debug": --with-pydebug, "release" otherwise
• "+assert": --with-assertions
• "+tracerefs": --with-trace-refs
• "+pystats": --enable-pystats
• "asan": --with-address-sanitizer
• "msan": --with-memory-sanitizer
• "ubsan": --with-undefined-behavior-sanitizer
• "lto+pgo": --with-lto --enable-optimizations
• "framework": --enable-framework
• "shared": --enable-shared

• Issue: Add more details about the Python build in sys.version #100086

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[vstinner]

cc @erlend-aasland

[vstinner]

Example of "build details" on CI jobs (test.info details):

• Address sanitizer: "release asan build" (build.NDEBUG: ignore assertions, build.Py_DEBUG: No, sysconfig[PY_CFLAGS]: -fsanitize=address (...))
• Ubuntu: "debug build" (build.NDEBUG: build assertions, build.Py_DEBUG: Yes)
• macOS: "debug build" (build.Py_DEBUG: Yes)
• Windows x64: "debug build" (build.Py_DEBUG: Yes)

[ned-deily]

I don't think this change should be made. See my comment on the issue.

[vstinner]

I don't think this change should be made. See #100086 (comment).

Ok, I wrote PR #100093 instead.