[styles] Server-side rendering API

[oliviertassinari]

One slice of #14999. Introduce a proper SSR API.

Closes #13602.

We can fix #14677 once this change id released.

[mui-pr-bot]

@material-ui/styles: parsed: +2.43% , gzip: +1.92%

Details of bundle changes.

Comparing: 0c0f9b1...09b0d72

bundle	parsed diff	gzip diff	prev parsed	current parsed	prev gzip	current gzip
@material-ui/core	0.00%	+0.01% 🔺	350,671	350,687	90,231	90,241
@material-ui/core/Paper	+1.82% 🔺	+1.49% 🔺	67,516	68,745	19,830	20,125
@material-ui/core/Paper.esm	+0.07% 🔺	+0.07% 🔺	61,114	61,154	18,881	18,894
@material-ui/core/Popper	-0.01%	+0.02% 🔺	30,463	30,460	10,526	10,528
@material-ui/core/styles/createMuiTheme	0.00%	+0.03% 🔺	17,384	17,384	5,724	5,726
@material-ui/core/useMediaQuery	0.00%	0.00%	2,469	2,469	1,043	1,043
@material-ui/lab	+0.02% 🔺	+0.02% 🔺	149,576	149,608	44,009	44,018
@material-ui/styles	+2.43% 🔺	+1.92% 🔺	52,700	53,978	15,438	15,734
@material-ui/system	0.00%	-0.02%	17,136	17,136	4,528	4,527
Button	+0.04% 🔺	+0.07% 🔺	89,271	89,309	26,506	26,524
Modal	+0.04% 🔺	+0.06% 🔺	83,376	83,413	25,007	25,023
colorManipulator	0.00%	0.00%	3,232	3,232	1,299	1,299
docs.landing	0.00%	0.00%	49,958	49,958	10,837	10,837
docs.main	+0.19% 🔺	+0.12% 🔺	646,052	647,272	200,814	201,061
packages/material-ui/build/umd/material-ui.production.min.js	0.00%	0.00%	299,178	299,178	82,966	82,967

Generated by 🚫 dangerJS against 09b0d72