Add `try_` variants to some methods, make existing methods panic

[joshlf]

Currently, we have methods like write_to and write_to_prefix return Option<()> in order to signal success or failure ("failure" here means that the provided bytes: &mut [u8] wasn't long enough). This breaks with the common Rust pattern, which would have these simply panic in this case.

In my opinion, it's preferable to avoid panicking when possible, so it's good to provide methods with this behavior. However, we could get the best of both worlds and be more consistent with Rust style by having methods like write_to panic, and introducing new methods like try_write_to which return Option<()>.

See also #188

[itsyaasir]

@joshlf I would like to take a look at this.
Thank you!

[joshlf]

Hey @itsyaasir, thanks for volunteering! This isn't actually something I'm ready to commit to just yet - I've just written it down so we don't forget and can decide later whether we definitely want to do it. If you want to see what other issues we have that are ready for outside contribution, take a look at our help wanted Extra attention is needed label.