Redo resume after catch for interpreter via native EH

[janvorli]

This change redoes the reverted change and adds fix for the problem that
we were hitting in the ControlledExecutionTests.

The problem was that when we call DispatchManagedException from the ProcessCLRException, the added (correct) popping of frames removed frame that GC would use as a starting point. So if GC happened, it would skip a bunch of managed frames and cause the issue that the ControlledExecutionTests would hit.

Before my previously reverted change, there were explicit frames that were stale, but still sufficient for providing GC with a starting point.

The proper fix is to keep the explicit frames removal, but add ResumableFrame pointing to the managed frame for which the ProcessCLRException was called. That will enable GC to properly start walking stack.

Close #129270

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[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR reintroduces “resume after catch” support for the CoreCLR interpreter by routing it through native exception handling across native↔managed boundaries, addressing the fatal AccessViolation failures seen in System.Runtime.Tests.ControlledExecutionTests.

Changes:

• Adds/threads a ResumeAfterCatchException handling layer at multiple native↔managed boundaries (QCall, prestub, virtual dispatch stubs, alloc/throw helpers, P/Invoke import worker, etc.).
• Simplifies interpreter ResumeAfterCatch to throw a marker exception and adds logic to rethrow it from an appropriate native context (skipping managed frames) for correct resumption.
• Cleans up interpreter frame plumbing (removes saved SP field/uses, adds defensive m_Next != NULL checks) and aligns UM entry prestub unwind metadata (NoHandler).

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 25 out of 25 changed files in this pull request and generated 4 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
src/coreclr/vm/wasm/helpers.cpp	Adds defensive null-check when detecting/using the next interpreter frame.
src/coreclr/vm/virtualcallstub.cpp	Installs/uninstalls resume-after-catch handling around stub dispatch workers.
src/coreclr/vm/threadsuspend.cpp	Adds resume-after-catch handling to suspension/dispatch path.
src/coreclr/vm/threads.cpp	Adds resume-after-catch handling around interpreter context initialization; relaxes throwable-handle assumptions.
src/coreclr/vm/riscv64/asmhelpers.S	Switches UM entry prestub unwind handler annotation to NoHandler.
src/coreclr/vm/qcall.h	Wraps QCall boundary in resume-after-catch handler.
src/coreclr/vm/prestub.cpp	Wraps prestub worker + interpreted entry execution with resume-after-catch handling; adjusts exception catch behavior.
src/coreclr/vm/loongarch64/asmhelpers.S	Switches UM entry prestub unwind handler annotation to NoHandler.
src/coreclr/vm/jithelpers.cpp	Adds resume-after-catch handling for throw/rethrow helpers and patchpoint helpers.
src/coreclr/vm/interpexec.h	Removes now-stale comment tied to deleted “lowest SP” tracking.
src/coreclr/vm/interpexec.cpp	Removes lowest-SP tracking; adds resume context plumbing + rethrow workaround path for resume-after-catch.
src/coreclr/vm/i386/umthunkstub.S	Switches UM entry prestub unwind handler annotation to NoHandler.
src/coreclr/vm/gchelpers.cpp	Wraps GC allocation helpers and failed-allocation helper with resume-after-catch handling.
src/coreclr/vm/frames.h	Removes interpreter-frame saved SP storage (no longer used).
src/coreclr/vm/frames.cpp	Removes dependency on interpreter saved SP when updating FP registers; adds null check in interpreter detection.
src/coreclr/vm/exceptmacros.h	Introduces resume-after-catch install/uninstall macros used across the VM.
src/coreclr/vm/exceptionhandling.h	Declares resume-after-catch rethrow helper for skipping managed frames.
src/coreclr/vm/exceptionhandling.cpp	Adds resume-after-catch handling to managed exception dispatch paths; implements rethrow helpers; adds SSP assert in context execution helper.
src/coreclr/vm/excep.cpp	Adds resume-after-catch handling for managed-fault path; removes old resume-after-catch unwind helper.
src/coreclr/vm/eetwain.cpp	Simplifies interpreter ResumeAfterCatch to just throw the marker exception.
src/coreclr/vm/dllimport.cpp	Wraps P/Invoke import worker and calli IL-stub generation with resume-after-catch handling.
src/coreclr/vm/arm64/stubs.cpp	Adds defensive null-check when detecting/using the next interpreter frame.
src/coreclr/vm/arm64/asmhelpers.S	Switches UM entry prestub unwind handler annotation to NoHandler.
src/coreclr/vm/amd64/umthunkstub.S	Switches UM entry prestub unwind handler annotation to NoHandler.
src/coreclr/vm/amd64/cgenamd64.cpp	Adds defensive null-check when detecting/using the next interpreter frame.

[jkotas]

Thanks

[janvorli]

/ba-g there are many WASM failures that seem to be happening on multiple PRs.