Language: internal builtin exceptions honor user try/catch (#4866)

[PurHur]

Summary

• Void (FUNCCALL_EXEC_NORETURN) internal builtin calls no longer skip handler bodies when returnVar is null — validation and throws (e.g. substr_compare() negative length → ValueError) now run in void context.
• LogicException raised from stdlib internal handlers is bridged into active user catch frames instead of bypassing them as engine fatals.

Closes #4866

php-src reference

• Zend/zend_exceptions.c — zend_throw_exception_internal, active try_catch_array

PHP implementation

• lib/VM.php — executeInternalHandler(), dispatchVmLogicException()
• lib/VM/BuiltinExceptionSupport.php — materializeLogicException()

Verification

./script/docker-exec.sh -- bash -lc 'source script/php-env.sh
php test/repro-maintainer/parity_builtin_try_catch.php; echo zend:$?
php bin/vm.php test/repro-maintainer/parity_builtin_try_catch.php; echo vm:$?
vendor/bin/phpunit --filter builtin_try_catch
'

Output:

caught ValueError
caught TypeError
zend:0
caught ValueError
caught TypeError
vm:0
OK (4 tests, 4 assertions)

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