Fix version_compare() shorter operand parity (#4796)

[PurHur]

Summary

• Fix php_canonicalize_version() in ext/standard/VmInfo.php and lib/AOT/runtime/phpc_info.c to exclude . from the digit/non-digit transition branch, matching php-src versioning.c isdig/isndig macros.
• Before fix, 8.2.31 canonicalized to 8..2..31, causing version_compare('8.2.31', '8.2', '>=') to return false instead of Zend's true.
• Add compliance PHPT version_compare_partial.phpt and issue repro script.

php-src reference

• ext/standard/versioning.c — php_canonicalize_version(), php_version_compare()

Verification

./script/docker-exec.sh -- bash -lc 'source script/php-env.sh
php test/tmp/repro-version-compare-partial.php
php bin/vm.php test/tmp/repro-version-compare-partial.php
vendor/bin/phpunit --filter version_compare_partial
'

Output:

true
true
OK (2 tests, 2 assertions)

Note: AOT compile for version_compare() with operator is pre-existing broken on master (LLVM ICmp type mismatch in JIT lowering); C canonicalize fix is aligned for when that path is restored.

Closes #4796

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