Stdlib: crypt() — VM + AOT bcrypt via libcrypt (#3771)

[PurHur]

Summary

• Register crypt() on VM (delegates to host PHP php_crypt()), JIT, and AOT via __compiler_crypt in lib/AOT/runtime/password_crypto.c
• Export CRYPT_STD_DES, CRYPT_EXT_DES, CRYPT_MD5, CRYPT_BLOWFISH constants
• Invalid/unknown salt returns *0 sentinel matching php-src ext/standard/crypt.c

php-src reference: ext/standard/crypt.c — PHP_FUNCTION(crypt), php_crypt()

Closes #3771

Verification

Issue repro:

./script/docker-exec.sh -- bash -lc 'source script/php-env.sh && php bin/vm.php -r "echo function_exists(\"crypt\")?\"yes\":\"no\";"'
# yes

./script/docker-exec.sh -- bash -lc 'source script/php-env.sh && php bin/vm.php -r "\$s=\"\$2y\$10\$\".str_repeat(\"a\",22); echo crypt(\"secret\",\$s), PHP_EOL;"'
# 60-char bcrypt hash starting with $2y$10$

Targeted tests:

./script/docker-exec.sh -- bash -lc 'source script/php-env.sh && vendor/bin/phpunit --filter "VMTest::testCases.*crypt|PasswordBuiltinTest|AotTest.*crypt"'
# OK (5 tests, 14 assertions)

Compare Zend PHP 8.2 on same snippet — bcrypt prefix/format matches; invalid salt ('', '$2y$10$', '!!!') returns *0.

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