Stdlib: DirectoryIterator family missing path UnexpectedValueException (#31506)

[PurHur]

Summary

• Missing-directory ctor for DirectoryIterator / FilesystemIterator / RecursiveDirectoryIterator now throws UnexpectedValueException (was RuntimeException).
• Exception message uses the concrete class name (was always DirectoryIterator::__construct).
• Also adds repro scripts for next SPL batch (Regression: CallbackFilterIterator(null $callback) constructs — Zend TypeError in ctor (ext/spl/spl_iterators.c) #31508, Regression: SplObjectStorage::offsetSet(null)/dim TypeError cites attach — Zend offsetSet (ext/spl/spl_observer.c) #31509).

Closes #31506

Test plan

• Zend vs bin/vm.php on test/repro/maintainer_gap_spl_dir_missing_unexpected.php — identical (path normalized)
• ./script/phpunit.sh --filter DirectoryIteratorMissing31506 — OK (1 test)

php-src: ext/spl/spl_directory.c

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