Fix password_needs_rehash() ArgumentCountError for missing args (#9263)

[PurHur]

Summary

• password_needs_rehash() with too few or too many arguments now throws ArgumentCountError matching Zend/php-src instead of LogicException.
• VM and JIT call() entry guards share the same messages.

php-src reference

• ext/standard/password.c — PHP_FUNCTION(password_needs_rehash) via zend_parse_parameters

Verification

./script/docker-exec.sh -- bash -lc 'source script/php-env.sh
php -r "try { password_needs_rehash(\"x\"); } catch (Throwable \$e) { echo get_class(\$e), \": \", \$e->getMessage(), PHP_EOL; }"
php bin/vm.php -r "try { password_needs_rehash(\"x\"); } catch (Throwable \$e) { echo get_class(\$e), \": \", \$e->getMessage(), PHP_EOL; }"
vendor/bin/phpunit --filter password_needs_rehash_argcount
'

Output (both runtimes):

ArgumentCountError: password_needs_rehash() expects at least 2 arguments, 1 given

PHPUnit: OK (2 tests, 2 assertions)

Closes #9263

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