Stdlib: date_parse() unparsed hour/minute/second — false not 0 (#11068)

[PurHur]

Summary

• date_parse('2024-01-01') now leaves hour/minute/second/fraction as boolean false when absent from the input, matching php-src ext/standard/parsedate.c
• Component-aware parseDateComponents() path avoids expanding date-only strings through localtime() (which always produced midnight zeros)

php-src reference

• ext/standard/parsedate.c — field initialization for unparsed components
• PHP implementation: ext/standard/VmDateTimeNative.php (parseDateComponents)

Verification

php test/repro-maintainer/parity_date_parse_unparsed_fields.php
php bin/vm.php test/repro-maintainer/parity_date_parse_unparsed_fields.php
# both: ok

./script/docker-exec.sh -- bash -lc 'source script/php-env.sh && vendor/bin/phpunit --filter date_parse_unparsed_fields'
# OK (2 tests, 2 assertions)

php bin/compile.php -l test/repro-maintainer/parity_date_parse_unparsed_fields.php
# lint ok

Closes #11068

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