GNSS bundle - Elevations, transformations, providers

src/.vitepress/sidebar/en.js

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ export default {
         { text: 'How to Set Up Snapping for Mergin Maps Mobile App', link: '/gis/snapping/' },
         { text: 'How to Avoid Polygons Overlap', link: '/gis/avoid-overlap/' },
         { text: 'Custom Projections', link: '/gis/proj/' },
+        { text: 'Elevations', link: '/gis/elevations/' },
         { text: 'Supported Formats', link: '/gis/supported_formats/' }
       ] },
     {

src/gis/elevations/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+---
+description: See how Mergin Maps handles elevations, vertical transformations and data reported by GPS providers.
+---
+
+# Elevations
+
+[[toc]]
+
+Whether you use internal or [external](../../field/external_gps/) GPS during your field survey, <MobileAppName /> provides information about elevation. GPS receivers provide an *ellipsoid height* by default. However, for most applications, a *physical height* (also known as height above the sea level) is more appropriate. The difference between ellipsoid and physical height is called the *geoid separation* (also geoid height or undulation) and it can be applied to transform these heights.
+
+::: tip Terminology
+The terms *geoid*, *geoid separation* and *orthometric heights* are used in the <MobileAppNameShort /> and this documentation for simplicity. 
+
+The same functionalities apply also if the used vertical reference system is defined by a *quasi-geoid*, another type of reference surface. Physical heights related to a quasi-geoid are called normal heights.
+:::
+
+Information about the altitude and geoid separation (if available) are displayed in the [GPS info panel](../../field/mobile-app-ui/#current-position-and-gps-info).
+
+When transforming elevations, <MainPlatformNameLink /> uses the EGM96 geoid model by default. However, it is also possible to use another geoid model as described in the [Using custom geoid](#using-custom-geoid) section. This may be especially useful when using [external GPS](../../field/external_gps/) for higher positional precision or when a specific vertical reference system is required. 
+
+There are some differences in the functionality and available details depending on the GPS provider, the OS of the mobile device and the connection setup.
+
+## Internal provider (no external device)
+
+### Android
+In Android, the [internal (fused)](../../field/mobile-app-ui/#gps-settings) GPS provider is used by default. It reports ellipsoid heights that are transformed by default to orthometric heights using the <NoSpellcheck id="EGM96" />  geoid model by adding the geoid height (undulation). These values are displayed in the [GPS info panel](../../field/mobile-app-ui/#current-position-and-gps-info) in the <MobileAppNameShort />.
+
+Geoid height, ellipsoid height, and orthometric height values are available and can be stored using [position variables](../../layer/variables/#position-variables).
+
+If needed, it is possible to use the <QGISPluginNameShort /> to [set up a different geoid model](#using-custom-geoid) and transform the elevations to a different vertical reference system.
+
+### iOS
+iOS reports *above the sea level* heights by default. Therefore <MainPlatformName /> takes and displays this information by default and does not transform the heights in any way.
+
+??? iOS does not provide the ellipsoid height nor the geoid height, so these values are **not** available and cannot be displayed or used. This is why it also not possible to use custom geoid to transform the elevations to a different vertical reference system.
+
+
+## External provider - Bluetooth
+<Badge text="Android only" type="tip"/>
+External GPS can be connected [using Bluetooth](../../field/external_gps/#how-to-connect-external-gps-receiver-in-android-via-mergin-maps-mobile-app-recommended). If possible, we recommend to use this option.
+
+If there is no [user-defined transformation](#using-custom-geoid), the <MobileAppNameShort /> uses data reported by the GPS provider as-is, including the ellipsoid height and geoid separation. These values are available and can be used as [position variables](../../layer/variables/#position-variables). However, <MainPlatformName /> does not receive information about the geoid model used; this information should be supplied by the GPS provider.
+
+It is possible to use the <QGISPluginNameShort /> to [set up a different geoid model](#using-custom-geoid) and transform the elevations to a different vertical reference system. In this case, the ellipsoid height and geoid separation are available. The defined geoid model is displayed in the <MobileAppNameShort />.
+
+
+## External provider - Network
+External GPS can be connected using network connection. The functionality works the same as described above in [External provider - Bluetooth ](#external-provider-bluetooth).
+
+## External provider - Mock
+
+::: warning
+Mock location should be only used if you are unable to connect the external GPS directly in the <MobileAppNameShort />.
+:::
+
+### Android
+If there is no [user-defined transformation](#using-custom-geoid), the <MobileAppNameShort /> uses data reported by the GPS provider as-is. The ellipsoid height and geoid separation values are **not** available.
+
+It is possible to use the <QGISPluginNameShort /> to [set up a different geoid model](#using-custom-geoid) and transform the elevations to a different vertical reference system. However, it is necessary to set up **the mock app to report ellipsoid heights**, otherwise the geoid separation would be applied twice leading to incorrect elevation values.
+
+### iOS
+When using the mock location, iOS only sends a minimal subset of available GPS data, namely the coordinates (X, Y, elevation). It is not possible to obtain or display any other position variables, accuracy included.
+
+## Using custom geoid
+
+The geoid model can be specified in [<MainPlatformName /> Project Properties](../../manage/plugin/#mergin-maps-project-properties) in QGIS. The grid shift file then needs to be packages with the project.
+
+In the <MobileAppNameShort />, the info about the custom geoid model is displayed in [GPS info panel](../../field/mobile-app-ui/#current-position-and-gps-info).
+

src/index.md

@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ The ecosystem consist of various components:
 - [How to Set Up Snapping for <MobileAppName />](./gis/snapping/)
 - [How to Avoid Polygons Overlap](./gis/snapping/)
 - [Custom Projections](./gis/proj/)
+- [Elevations](./gis/elevations/)
 - [Supported Formats](./gis/supported_formats/)
 
 ## Configure Forms