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17 changes: 10 additions & 7 deletions CITATION.cff
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -6,18 +6,21 @@ title: "A sharper exponent for integer multiplication"
authors:
- family-names: Colkitt
given-names: Douglas
- family-names: Chen
given-names: Zhihao
- name: eumemic
- name: icekylinx
license: Apache-2.0
type: software
repository-code: "https://github.com/CrocSwap/integer-mult-bounds"
url: "https://github.com/CrocSwap/integer-mult-bounds"
abstract: >-
Exact rational certificates, source patches, and research notes for conditional
improvements to OpenAI's integer-multiplication manuscript. Compact dirty-control
fields remove the simultaneous layer's spacing penalty. Together with complete
temporary reservations, local exceptional repair, a separately sized complex
network, and retained refinements, the supplied written proofs support
kappa = 83/10^12 > 2^-34. The complete upstream algorithmic theorem is assumed;
the new arguments are not independently reviewed or formally verified.
Conditional bulk-recursion improvement of the retained integer-multiplication
framework, with kappa = 6149999/50000000000000 > 2^-23. Controlled rational
projector blocks and whole complex residuals give mixed-width recurrences;
a dependency-path guard controls exact intermediate precision. The retained
Gaussian scaling enclosure is corrected without changing P=34p. Finite
checks and exact certificates do not formally verify the full theorem.
keywords:
- integer multiplication
- computational complexity
Expand Down
4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions CONTRIBUTING.md
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ For a mathematical issue, identify the exact proposition, source label, or
inequality; give a counterexample or the missing implication when possible;
and distinguish numerical validation from an algorithmic proof obligation.
For the current result, start with the
[compact-control review guide](docs/research/compact-control-review.md).
[batched-recursion review guide](docs/research/batched-review.md).
The [original audit](docs/audit.md) describes the retained upstream assumptions.

For a parameter improvement, supply exact rational choices, the full dependency
Expand All @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ make verify
```

Include regenerated certificates and patches in the same change. If the note
changes, also run its corresponding PDF target (`make compact-note` for the
changes, also run its corresponding PDF target (`make batched-note` for the
current result) and include the updated PDF. Review changes to
claims in the README and note together. Finite tests should address a mathematical
identity or a failure mode, rather than simply restating implementation details.
Expand Down
27 changes: 27 additions & 0 deletions Makefile
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
.PHONY: verify note audit-note tuned-note reuse-note incidence-note dag-note shared-point-note paired-note compact-note fetch

verify:
python3 scripts/prime_field_network.py
python3 scripts/complex_network.py
python3 scripts/fast_gaussian.py
$(MAKE) batched-certificate batched-patch
python3 scripts/certify.py
python3 scripts/search_network.py
python3 scripts/make_patch.py
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -54,6 +58,7 @@ verify:
git apply --check --directory=upstream patches/h46-shared-point.patch
git apply --check --directory=upstream patches/h50-paired-59.patch
git apply --check --directory=upstream patches/compact-control-34.patch
git apply --check --directory=upstream patches/batched-23.patch

note:
mkdir -p artifacts
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -93,3 +98,25 @@ compact-note:

fetch:
python3 scripts/fetch_upstream.py

.PHONY: batched-certificate batched-patch batched-note
PDFLATEX ?= pdflatex
TEX_ENGINE ?= pdflatex
TECTONIC ?= tectonic

batched-certificate:
python3 scripts/controlled_bit_rank_moment.py --output certificates/controlled-bit-rank-moment.json > /dev/null
python3 scripts/batched_network.py --output certificates/batched-network.json --summary

batched-patch:
python3 scripts/make_batched_patch.py

batched-note:
mkdir -p artifacts
ifeq ($(TEX_ENGINE),tectonic)
$(TECTONIC) -Z search-path=$(CURDIR) --outdir artifacts notes/batched-23-note.tex
else
$(PDFLATEX) -interaction=nonstopmode -halt-on-error -output-directory=artifacts notes/batched-23-note.tex
$(PDFLATEX) -interaction=nonstopmode -halt-on-error -output-directory=artifacts notes/batched-23-note.tex
$(PDFLATEX) -interaction=nonstopmode -halt-on-error -output-directory=artifacts notes/batched-23-note.tex
endif
41 changes: 41 additions & 0 deletions NOTICE
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -14,3 +14,44 @@ as separate files under patches/; upstream source files remain unchanged.
The new research note, scripts, certificates, patches, and documentation
were prepared by Douglas Colkitt with assistance from OpenAI Codex.
This project is not an official OpenAI release or an OpenAI endorsement.

Ternary five-subset construction and common-four-point resynthesis
Copyright 2026 Zhihao Chen (jacklightChen)

This is Zhihao Chen's first submission of this specific construction to this
repository. Research, proof development, code and verification were prepared
with substantial assistance from GPT-6 Astra (OpenAI Codex), as identified by
the contributor. This is not independent review or an OpenAI endorsement.
Future research building on this contribution should explicitly acknowledge
Zhihao Chen (jacklightChen), cite the accompanying note and pull request, and
retain the preceding contributors' attribution. This notice records research
provenance; the repository's Apache-2.0 license remains unchanged.

Dependencies retained from eumemic's Claude-assisted PRs #3 and #5:
https://github.com/CrocSwap/integer-mult-bounds/pull/3
https://github.com/CrocSwap/integer-mult-bounds/pull/5
PR #5 commit: d3d370c34937503bd3fa63c83d505a05e8e50893
These include complex_circuit.py, complex_network.py, fast_gaussian.py,
their generators, construction notes and certificates. The Gaussian input
scaling proof is corrected in this derivative; see the modification notice below.
Aligned pairing also appears in Bortlesboat's PR #2. Retained totals and bank
sharing appear in dleen's PR #4 and cheaper retained centers in eumemic's PR #6.
Their results and ideas are credited separately from this new construction.

Bulk recursion and controlled tensor basis, 8 October 2026
Copyright 2026 icekylinx

The new projector batching, controlled simultaneous basis, mixed-width tape
recursions, whole-residual complex recursion, and dependency-path precision
guard in the batched-23 proof package are contributed by icekylinx, developed
with substantial OpenAI GPT-6 Astra assistance. Review corrections and
repository integration were prepared with OpenAI Codex assistance. They build on the retained
PR #7 finite producers and the preceding contributions credited above.
The new package retains the repository's Apache-2.0 license and the original
authors' attribution. It is not an official OpenAI release or endorsement.

Modification notice, 8 October 2026 (icekylinx): the retained fast Gaussian
proof now bounds shifted approximation error by F=2^ceil(1.14 alpha^2).
The P=34p precision budget and asymptotic exponent are unchanged. New batching
checks are integrated into make verify. Existing attribution and licenses
are retained.
28 changes: 28 additions & 0 deletions PATCHING.md
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
# Applying the manuscript patch

`patches/batched-23.patch` applies to the original manuscript snapshot at
`adc7f1241b42e322a6451854ab7e4b4c146bf78a`, retained under `upstream/`.
It includes the PR7 dependencies, batched construction, and corrected Gaussian
input error enclosure.

To generate a complete copy for review, choose a new destination:

```sh
python3 scripts/make_batched_patch.py --materialize /tmp/integer-mult-batched-review
```

The entry point is `/tmp/integer-mult-batched-review/build/main.tex`.
The bundled `upstream/` stays unchanged. With pdfLaTeX installed, compile from
that copy's `build/` directory, including BibTeX and the usual reference reruns.

Check applicability without modifying the source:

```sh
git apply --check --directory=upstream patches/batched-23.patch
```

The combined patch starts from the original snapshot; historical patches are
alternatives for the same base. PR7 is pinned at
`6725c6a17b17871a35353fd29157f4ed851bc114` for the retained producer sources.
The old uniform recurrences keep their original exponents. The active consumers
use `lem:batched-chunk-swap` and `prop:batched-simultaneous-layer`.
178 changes: 41 additions & 137 deletions README.md
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -1,151 +1,55 @@
# A sharper exponent for integer multiplication
# Integer multiplication with a conditional saving beyond 2^-23

**Research draft by Douglas Colkitt — conditional on the underlying manuscript
and the written extensions supplied here.**

This draft improves OpenAI's
[*Integer multiplication below n log n*](https://github.com/openai/math/tree/adc7f1241b42e322a6451854ab7e4b4c146bf78a/preprints/Integer-multiplication-below-n-log-n-September-23-2026)
(result family #109). In its fixed finite-alphabet Turing-machine model with a
fixed number of one-dimensional tapes, the strongest supplied witness is

$$
\[
T(n)=O\!\left(n(\log n)^{1-\kappa}\right),\qquad
\boxed{\kappa=\frac{83}{10^{12}}=8.3\times10^{-11}>2^{-34}}.
$$

The simpler **`kappa = 2^-34`** is a corollary. The witness remains below
`2^-33`. It increases the exponent saving by approximately **47.85 million
fold** over our preceding published `2^-59` witness. The original manuscript
uses `2^-182`. These compare asymptotic exponents, not practical runtimes.

**[Read the compact-control proof note (PDF)](artifacts/compact-control-note.pdf)** ·
[Review the combined source patch](patches/compact-control-34.patch) ·
[Inspect the exact certificate](certificates/compact-control-layer.json) ·
[Review guide and dependencies](docs/research/compact-control-review.md)

This is a research claim supported by written proofs and reproducible checks.
The complete upstream theorem is assumed; the new arguments have not received
independent mathematical review or formal verification.

## What changed

The new construction moves **compact control fields instead of entire spaced
windows**. For `f` selected axes, it replaces the layer's movement cost
`O(V*((f*K)^tau+1))` by

$$
O\!\left(V\bigl((f\log p)^\tau+1\bigr)\right).
$$

The proof reserves temporary fields from existing address coordinates,
allows arbitrary initial temporary values, restores them exactly, and charges
exceptional-address repair at every recursion node. The temporary ranges
remain complete through padding and recursive row splitting.

Removing `K^tau` removes the restriction responsible for the preceding
quadratic dependence on the finite-network saving. The bit network stays at
`h=50`. The original complex network is separately instantiated at `h=25`,
and a generalized stopping-depth guard completes the new parameter witness.
This is a change to the movement construction and its proof, beyond parameter
tuning of the preceding algorithm.

The exact minimum assembly margin is

$$
G_* = \frac{333833}{4\cdot10^{15}}
= 8.345825\times10^{-11} > \kappa.
$$
\kappa=\frac{6149999}{50000000000000}>2^{-23}.
\]

The remaining bottleneck is the complex layer's saving. With the **fixed
`h=25` complex motif and retained Gaussian/leaf inequalities**, the scoped
ceiling is below `8.369598075e-11`, hence below `2^-33`. This is not a ceiling
for other networks or integer multiplication in general.
The construction batches large rational projector blocks and whole complex
residuals in the finite networks of [PR #7](https://github.com/CrocSwap/integer-mult-bounds/pull/7).
A controlled common basis, mixed-width recursion, and an arithmetic dependency
path bound supply the stated exponent. The conclusion is conditional on the
retained upstream multiplication framework and the written interface proofs.

## Evidence and scope
## Proof and reproduction

| Component | Evidence |
| --- | --- |
| Parameters, logarithm enclosures, final margins | Exact rational certificate |
| Dirty-control identities, inverses and repair | Finite exhaustive cases and seeded tests |
| Wider-control tape bound, reservations and recursion | Written general proofs |
| Separate complex arity and precision guard | Written proofs and exact accounting |
| Source integration | Combined patch, reference checks and manuscript build |
| Full upstream multiplication theorem | Assumed |
| Independent review / full formalization | Not supplied |

The [review guide](docs/research/compact-control-review.md) identifies the new
proof obligations and their tests. [Current research status](docs/research/current-status.md)
is authoritative when older notes describe superseded barriers or hypothetical
witnesses. The earlier artifacts remain available and unchanged.

## Reproduce

With Python 3.11 or newer, Git and Make, run from the repository root:
- [Proof note](artifacts/batched-23-note.pdf) and [LaTeX source](notes/batched-23-note.tex).
- [Exact certificate](certificates/batched-network.json): rank moments, guard,
29 strict constraints, and seven assembly margins.
- [Combined manuscript patch](patches/batched-23.patch) and [application instructions](PATCHING.md).
- [Review guide](docs/research/batched-review.md) and [source provenance](SOURCES.json).

```sh
make verify
git diff --exit-code -- certificates patches
make batched-note
```

No third-party Python packages or network access are needed for these checks.
They regenerate the certificates and patches, run the tests, verify upstream
hashes, and check each patch against the pinned manuscript. The second command
checks exact regeneration on a clean checkout.

With Tectonic installed, rebuild the latest note using:
Verification requires Python 3.11+, a C++17 compiler, Git, and Make. It includes
retained producer checks, the new certificates, regression tests, and patch
application checks. The PDF target requires pdfLaTeX.
For just the new arithmetic and manuscript patch:

```sh
make compact-note
make batched-certificate batched-patch
```

The output is `artifacts/compact-control-note.pdf`. The first PDF build may
download TeX resources. See [reproducibility instructions](docs/reproducibility.md)
for applying the combined patch in a disposable copy and building older notes.
[GitHub Actions](.github/workflows/verify.yml) runs the arithmetic and patch checks.
Passing tests does not establish the complete multiplication theorem; this
repository contains no full multiplication-machine implementation.

## Earlier witnesses and independent patches

Each patch applies independently to the **unmodified** pinned source; they are
alternatives, not a sequence to apply together. The
[result history](docs/research/result-history.md) records the earlier mechanisms
and scoped ceilings.

| Patch | Conditional saving | Scope |
| --- | --- | --- |
| [frozen-154](patches/frozen-154.patch) | `2^-154` | Original network and recurrence exponents |
| [balanced-153](patches/balanced-153.patch) | `2^-153` | Balanced assembly parameters |
| [same-network-129](patches/same-network-129.patch) | `2^-129` | Original network, sharper recurrence comparison |
| [h46-111](patches/h46-111.patch) | `2^-111` | Smaller network, dyadic parameters |
| [h46-109](patches/h46-109.patch) | `2^-109` | Rational recurrence saving, strict final margin |
| [h46-108](patches/h46-108.patch) | `2^-108` | Variable stopping exponent |
| [h46-rational](patches/h46-rational.patch) | `5.8e-33` | Strongest supplied parameter-only witness |
| [nonadjacent-layout](patches/nonadjacent-layout.patch) | Original parameters retained | Routing proof and revised layout cost only |
| [frozen-nonadjacent-107](patches/frozen-nonadjacent-107.patch) | `2^-107` | Direct routing, original network and recurrence exponents |
| [h46-nonadjacent-78](patches/h46-nonadjacent-78.patch) | `2^-78` | Direct routing with the h = 46 network |
| [h46-nonadjacent-76](patches/h46-nonadjacent-76.patch) | `2^-76` | Direct routing with tuned dimension and stopping parameters |
| [h46-shared-side-75](patches/h46-shared-side-75.patch) | `2^-75` | Stage-1/stage-3 side-role sharing, routing, and parameter tuning |
| [h46-incidence-67](patches/h46-incidence-67.patch) | `2^-67` | Rectangle incidence circuits, full auxiliary sharing, routing, and parameter tuning |
| [h46-dag-63](patches/h46-dag-63.patch) | `2^-63` | Shared intermediate sums and reversible role allocation |
| [h46-shared-point](patches/h46-shared-point.patch) | `13*2^-66` | Cross-group sharing |
| [h50-paired-59](patches/h50-paired-59.patch) | `2^-59` | Paired sums, stopped guard and tighter Gaussian setup |
| **[compact-control-34](patches/compact-control-34.patch)** | **`83/10^12 > 2^-34`** | **Compact controls, complete reservations, local repair and separate complex arity** |

## Attribution, citation, and license

Author: **Douglas Colkitt**. Research, implementation and drafting were performed
with assistance from OpenAI Codex. The compact-control proposal originated
with a separate research agent; the supplied note develops its tape, layout,
repair and assembly arguments. AI assistance is not independent review or
endorsement by OpenAI. No priority or unrestricted optimality claim is made.

The original manuscript is by OpenAI, pinned at commit
`adc7f1241b42e322a6451854ab7e4b4c146bf78a`. Source URLs and SHA-256 hashes are in
[upstream/manifest.json](upstream/manifest.json). Files under `upstream/` remain
unchanged; modifications are supplied as separate patches.

Use [CITATION.cff](CITATION.cff) and also cite the
[upstream manuscript](upstream/README.md). Until a release is archived, include
the repository commit used. Licensed under [Apache-2.0](LICENSE); see
[NOTICE](NOTICE) and [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md).
The bit and complex savings are `246/10^9` and `7/10^7`; the precision guard
exponent is `11999/10000`. The final absorption gap is
`362000001/80000000000000000000000 > 0`.
The retained Gaussian input scaling proof uses the corrected enclosure
`F = 2^ceil(1.14 alpha^2)`, with the existing precision `P = 34p`.

## Attribution

Bulk recursion and this integration are contributed by **icekylinx**, with
substantial OpenAI GPT-6 Astra and Codex assistance. The finite ternary network
and paired producers are due to **Zhihao Chen (jacklightChen)**. The construction
builds on **Douglas Colkitt**'s compact-control framework and contributions by
**Bortlesboat**, **eumemic**, and **dleen**; see [NOTICE](NOTICE).

OpenAI's manuscript is pinned at
`adc7f1241b42e322a6451854ab7e4b4c146bf78a`; its files under `upstream/` are
unchanged. The repository and retained source use Apache-2.0; see
[LICENSE](LICENSE) and [upstream/LICENSE](upstream/LICENSE).
Exact certificates and finite tests do not constitute formal verification
of the full multiplication theorem.
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