diff --git a/src/cargo/core/compiler/build_runner/mod.rs b/src/cargo/core/compiler/build_runner/mod.rs
index f9074407e2c..337a06417ee 100644
--- a/src/cargo/core/compiler/build_runner/mod.rs
+++ b/src/cargo/core/compiler/build_runner/mod.rs
@@ -483,13 +483,18 @@ impl<'a, 'gctx> BuildRunner<'a, 'gctx> {
             }
             if self.bcx.gctx.cli_unstable().build_dir_new_layout {
                 for (unit, _) in self.bcx.unit_graph.iter() {
+                    if kind != unit.kind {
+                        continue;
+                    }
                     let dep_dir = self.files().deps_dir(unit);
                     paths::create_dir_all(&dep_dir)?;
-                    self.compilation
-                        .deps_output
-                        .entry(kind)
-                        .or_default()
-                        .insert(dep_dir);
+                    if unit.target.is_dylib() {
+                        self.compilation
+                            .deps_output
+                            .entry(kind)
+                            .or_default()
+                            .insert(dep_dir);
+                    }
                 }
             } else {
                 self.compilation
diff --git a/src/cargo/core/compiler/compilation.rs b/src/cargo/core/compiler/compilation.rs
index 776866ae471..f69df50d9cf 100644
--- a/src/cargo/core/compiler/compilation.rs
+++ b/src/cargo/core/compiler/compilation.rs
@@ -376,7 +376,9 @@ impl<'gctx> Compilation<'gctx> {
                     &self.root_output[&CompileKind::Host],
                 ));
             }
-            search_path.extend(self.deps_output[&CompileKind::Host].clone());
+            if let Some(paths) = self.deps_output.get(&CompileKind::Host) {
+                search_path.extend(paths.clone());
+            }
         } else {
             if let Some(path) = self.root_output.get(&kind) {
                 search_path.extend(super::filter_dynamic_search_path(
@@ -385,7 +387,9 @@ impl<'gctx> Compilation<'gctx> {
                 ));
                 search_path.push(path.clone());
             }
-            search_path.extend(self.deps_output[&kind].clone());
+            if let Some(paths) = self.deps_output.get(&kind) {
+                search_path.extend(paths.clone());
+            }
             // For build-std, we don't want to accidentally pull in any shared
             // libs from the sysroot that ships with rustc. This may not be
             // required (at least I cannot craft a situation where it
diff --git a/tests/testsuite/build.rs b/tests/testsuite/build.rs
index 16eefa9f53c..0e13c4e9669 100644
--- a/tests/testsuite/build.rs
+++ b/tests/testsuite/build.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 //! Tests for the `cargo build` command.
 
 use std::env;
+use std::env::consts::{DLL_PREFIX, DLL_SUFFIX};
 use std::fs;
 use std::io::Read;
 use std::process::Stdio;
@@ -6598,3 +6599,123 @@ fn should_not_include_build_script_out_dir_path_in_rustc_args() {
 "#]])
         .run();
 }
+
+#[cargo_test(
+    nightly,
+    reason = "Depends on https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/155439/changes/61f3e086acc1c187bb262ab43cac71f44018c397"
+)]
+fn should_only_include_dylibs_on_lib_search_path() {
+    let envvar = dylib_path_envvar();
+    let p = project()
+        .file(
+            "Cargo.toml",
+            r#"
+                [package]
+                name = "foo"
+                version = "0.0.0"
+                edition = "2021"
+                authors = []
+                resolver = "2"
+
+                [dependencies]
+                bar = { path = "bar" }
+                baz = { path = "baz" }
+                qux = { path = "qux" }
+            "#,
+        )
+        .file(
+            "src/main.rs",
+            &format!(
+                r#"
+                    fn main() {{
+                        let search_path = std::env::var_os("{envvar}").unwrap();
+                        let paths: Vec<_> = std::env::split_paths(&search_path).collect();
+
+                        for (name, kind) in [("bar", "dylib"), ("baz", "rlib"), ("qux", "cdylib")] {{
+                            let found = paths.iter().any(|dir| artifact_exists(dir, name, kind));
+                            println!("{{name}} ({{kind}}) on search path: {{found}}");
+                        }}
+                    }}
+
+                    fn artifact_exists(dir: &std::path::Path, name: &str, kind: &str) -> bool {{
+                        let (prefix, suffix) = if kind == "rlib" {{
+                            (format!("lib{{name}}-"), ".rlib".to_string())
+                        }} else {{
+                            (format!("{DLL_PREFIX}{{name}}"), "{DLL_SUFFIX}".to_string())
+                        }};
+                        std::fs::read_dir(dir)
+                            .into_iter()
+                            .flatten()
+                            .flatten()
+                            .any(|e| {{
+                                let f = e.file_name();
+                                let f = f.to_string_lossy();
+                                f.starts_with(&prefix) && f.ends_with(&suffix)
+                            }})
+                    }}
+                "#
+            ),
+        )
+        .file(
+            "bar/Cargo.toml",
+            r#"
+                [package]
+                name = "bar"
+                version = "0.1.0"
+                edition = "2021"
+                authors = []
+
+                [lib]
+                crate-type = ["dylib"]
+            "#,
+        )
+        .file("bar/src/lib.rs", r#"pub fn bar_value() -> i32 { 100 }"#)
+        .file(
+            "baz/Cargo.toml",
+            r#"
+                [package]
+                name = "baz"
+                version = "0.1.0"
+                edition = "2021"
+                authors = []
+            "#,
+        )
+        .file("baz/src/lib.rs", r#"pub fn baz_value() -> i32 { 200 }"#)
+        .file(
+            "qux/Cargo.toml",
+            r#"
+                [package]
+                name = "qux"
+                version = "0.1.0"
+                edition = "2021"
+                authors = []
+
+                [lib]
+                crate-type = ["cdylib"]
+            "#,
+        )
+        .file("qux/src/lib.rs", r#"pub fn qux_value() -> i32 { 200 }"#)
+        .build();
+
+    p.cargo("-Zbuild-dir-new-layout -v run")
+        .masquerade_as_nightly_cargo(&["new build-dir layout"])
+        .enable_mac_dsym()
+        .with_stdout_data(str![[r#"
+bar (dylib) on search path: true
+baz (rlib) on search path: false
+qux (cdylib) on search path: false
+
+"#]])
+        .run();
+
+    // Legacy layout
+    p.cargo("-v run")
+        .enable_mac_dsym()
+        .with_stdout_data(str![[r#"
+bar (dylib) on search path: true
+baz (rlib) on search path: true
+qux (cdylib) on search path: true
+
+"#]])
+        .run();
+}
diff --git a/tests/testsuite/build_script.rs b/tests/testsuite/build_script.rs
index 0b99a912ffc..af93cb28819 100644
--- a/tests/testsuite/build_script.rs
+++ b/tests/testsuite/build_script.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 //! Tests for build.rs scripts.
 
 use std::env;
+use std::env::consts::{DLL_PREFIX, DLL_SUFFIX};
 use std::fs;
 use std::io;
 use std::thread;
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ use cargo_test_support::registry::Package;
 use cargo_test_support::str;
 use cargo_test_support::{basic_manifest, cross_compile, is_coarse_mtime, project, project_in};
 use cargo_test_support::{git, rustc_host, sleep_ms, slow_cpu_multiplier, symlink_supported};
+use cargo_util::paths::dylib_path_envvar;
 use cargo_util::paths::{self, remove_dir_all};
 
 #[cargo_test]
@@ -6870,3 +6872,100 @@ fn target_linker_does_not_apply_to_build_script_with_host_config() {
 "#]])
         .run();
 }
+
+#[cargo_test(
+    nightly,
+    reason = "Depends on https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/155439/changes/61f3e086acc1c187bb262ab43cac71f44018c397"
+)]
+fn build_script_dylib_search_path_excludes_target_dylibs() {
+    if cross_compile_disabled() {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let envvar = dylib_path_envvar();
+    let target = cross_compile::alternate();
+
+    let p = project()
+        .file(
+            "Cargo.toml",
+            r#"
+                [package]
+                name = "foo"
+                version = "0.0.0"
+                edition = "2021"
+                authors = []
+
+                [dependencies]
+                bar = { path = "bar" }
+
+                [build-dependencies]
+                hostbar = { path = "hostbar" }
+            "#,
+        )
+        .file(
+            "build.rs",
+            &format!(
+                r#"
+                    fn main() {{
+                        let search_path = std::env::var_os("{envvar}").unwrap();
+                        let paths: Vec<_> = std::env::split_paths(&search_path).collect();
+
+                        let found_hostbar = paths.iter()
+                            .any(|dir| dir.join("{DLL_PREFIX}hostbar{DLL_SUFFIX}").exists());
+                        assert!(
+                            found_hostbar,
+                            "hostbar (host-arch build-dependency dylib) should be on \
+                             the build script's search path, but wasn't: {{:?}}",
+                            paths
+                        );
+
+                        let found_bar = paths.iter()
+                            .any(|dir| dir.join("{DLL_PREFIX}bar{DLL_SUFFIX}").exists());
+                        assert!(
+                            !found_bar,
+                            "bar ({target}-arch regular dependency dylib) must NOT be on \
+                             the host build script's search path, but was: {{:?}}",
+                            paths
+                        );
+                    }}
+                "#
+            ),
+        )
+        .file("src/main.rs", "fn main() {}")
+        .file(
+            "bar/Cargo.toml",
+            r#"
+                [package]
+                name = "bar"
+                version = "0.1.0"
+                edition = "2021"
+                authors = []
+                [lib]
+                crate-type = ["dylib"]
+            "#,
+        )
+        .file("bar/src/lib.rs", "pub fn bar_value() -> i32 { 100 }")
+        .file(
+            "hostbar/Cargo.toml",
+            r#"
+                [package]
+                name = "hostbar"
+                version = "0.1.0"
+                edition = "2021"
+                authors = []
+                [lib]
+                crate-type = ["dylib"]
+            "#,
+        )
+        .file(
+            "hostbar/src/lib.rs",
+            "pub fn hostbar_value() -> i32 { 200 }",
+        )
+        .build();
+
+    p.cargo("build -Zbuild-dir-new-layout -v --target")
+        .arg(&target)
+        .masquerade_as_nightly_cargo(&["new build-dir layout"])
+        .enable_mac_dsym()
+        .run();
+}