diff --git a/src/__tests__/toNestErrors.ts b/src/__tests__/toNestErrors.ts
index d16b8bb0..80d9d7e5 100644
--- a/src/__tests__/toNestErrors.ts
+++ b/src/__tests__/toNestErrors.ts
@@ -68,6 +68,67 @@ test('transforms flat object to nested object with names option', () => {
   });
 });
 
+test('uses the first element of `refs` as `ref` for radio/checkbox fields (#630)', () => {
+  const checkboxEl = { name: 'isTosAccepted', type: 'checkbox' };
+
+  const result = toNestErrors(
+    {
+      isTosAccepted: { type: 'oneOf', message: 'must accept tos' },
+    },
+    {
+      fields: {
+        // react-hook-form stores a placeholder object as `ref` for
+        // radio/checkbox fields and keeps the actual DOM elements in `refs`.
+        isTosAccepted: {
+          name: 'isTosAccepted',
+          ref: { name: 'isTosAccepted', type: 'checkbox' },
+          refs: [checkboxEl],
+        },
+      } as any as Record<InternalFieldName, Field['_f']>,
+      shouldUseNativeValidation: false,
+    },
+  );
+
+  expect(result.isTosAccepted?.ref).toBe(checkboxEl);
+});
+
+test('uses the first element of `refs` for a radio group with multiple options', () => {
+  const firstRadioEl = { name: 'plan', type: 'radio', value: 'basic' };
+  const secondRadioEl = { name: 'plan', type: 'radio', value: 'pro' };
+
+  const result = toNestErrors(
+    { plan: { type: 'required', message: 'plan is required' } },
+    {
+      fields: {
+        plan: {
+          name: 'plan',
+          ref: { name: 'plan', type: 'radio' },
+          refs: [firstRadioEl, secondRadioEl],
+        },
+      } as any as Record<InternalFieldName, Field['_f']>,
+      shouldUseNativeValidation: false,
+    },
+  );
+
+  expect(result.plan?.ref).toBe(firstRadioEl);
+});
+
+test('falls back to `ref` when the field has no `refs` (non radio/checkbox fields)', () => {
+  const inputEl = { name: 'username', type: 'text' };
+
+  const result = toNestErrors(
+    { username: { type: 'required', message: 'username is required' } },
+    {
+      fields: {
+        username: { name: 'username', ref: inputEl },
+      } as any as Record<InternalFieldName, Field['_f']>,
+      shouldUseNativeValidation: false,
+    },
+  );
+
+  expect(result.username?.ref).toBe(inputEl);
+});
+
 test('transforms flat object to nested object with root error for field array', () => {
   const result = toNestErrors(
     {
diff --git a/src/toNestErrors.ts b/src/toNestErrors.ts
index 6b7f1a8e..4326bce4 100644
--- a/src/toNestErrors.ts
+++ b/src/toNestErrors.ts
@@ -18,8 +18,11 @@ export const toNestErrors = <TFieldValues extends FieldValues>(
   const fieldErrors = {} as FieldErrors<TFieldValues>;
   for (const path in errors) {
     const field = get(options.fields, path) as Field['_f'] | undefined;
+    // Radio/checkbox fields keep a placeholder `ref` (`{ name, type }`) and
+    // store the actual DOM elements in `refs`, matching react-hook-form's
+    // own `validateField` behavior for built-in validation.
     const error = Object.assign(errors[path] || {}, {
-      ref: field && field.ref,
+      ref: field && field.refs ? field.refs[0] : field && field.ref,
     });
 
     if (isNameInFieldArray(options.names || Object.keys(errors), path)) {
diff --git a/yup/src/__tests__/Form.tsx b/yup/src/__tests__/Form.tsx
index 75f82d9f..5b6c9802 100644
--- a/yup/src/__tests__/Form.tsx
+++ b/yup/src/__tests__/Form.tsx
@@ -50,3 +50,29 @@ test("form's validation with Yup and TypeScript's integration", async () => {
   expect(screen.getByText(/password is a required field/i)).toBeInTheDocument();
   expect(handleSubmit).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
 });
+
+const checkboxSchema = Yup.object({
+  isTosAccepted: Yup.boolean().oneOf([true], 'must accept tos').required(),
+});
+
+test('errors.<field>.ref is the checkbox input element, not validation metadata (#630)', async () => {
+  let latestErrors: ReturnType<typeof useForm>['formState']['errors'] = {};
+  function Wrapper() {
+    const methods = useForm({ resolver: yupResolver(checkboxSchema) });
+    latestErrors = methods.formState.errors;
+
+    return (
+      <form onSubmit={methods.handleSubmit(() => {})}>
+        <input type="checkbox" {...methods.register('isTosAccepted')} />
+        <button type="submit">submit</button>
+      </form>
+    );
+  }
+
+  render(<Wrapper />);
+
+  const checkbox = screen.getByRole('checkbox');
+  await user.click(screen.getByText(/submit/i));
+
+  expect(latestErrors.isTosAccepted?.ref).toBe(checkbox);
+});