Add type inference for class object vs generic protocol (#13511)

I forgot to add this to yesterdays PR #13501

Author: ilevkivskyi

mypy/constraints.py

@@ -541,7 +541,33 @@ def visit_instance(self, template: Instance) -> list[Constraint]:
                     template.type.inferring.pop()
                     return res
         if isinstance(actual, CallableType) and actual.fallback is not None:
+            if actual.is_type_obj() and template.type.is_protocol:
+                ret_type = get_proper_type(actual.ret_type)
+                if isinstance(ret_type, TupleType):
+                    ret_type = mypy.typeops.tuple_fallback(ret_type)
+                if isinstance(ret_type, Instance):
+                    if self.direction == SUBTYPE_OF:
+                        subtype = template
+                    else:
+                        subtype = ret_type
+                    res.extend(
+                        self.infer_constraints_from_protocol_members(
+                            ret_type, template, subtype, template, class_obj=True
+                        )
+                    )
             actual = actual.fallback
+        if isinstance(actual, TypeType) and template.type.is_protocol:
+            if isinstance(actual.item, Instance):
+                if self.direction == SUBTYPE_OF:
+                    subtype = template
+                else:
+                    subtype = actual.item
+                res.extend(
+                    self.infer_constraints_from_protocol_members(
+                        actual.item, template, subtype, template, class_obj=True
+                    )
+                )
+
         if isinstance(actual, Overloaded) and actual.fallback is not None:
             actual = actual.fallback
         if isinstance(actual, TypedDictType):
@@ -715,6 +741,9 @@ def visit_instance(self, template: Instance) -> list[Constraint]:
                 )
                 instance.type.inferring.pop()
                 return res
+        if res:
+            return res
+
         if isinstance(actual, AnyType):
             return self.infer_against_any(template.args, actual)
         if (
@@ -740,7 +769,12 @@ def visit_instance(self, template: Instance) -> list[Constraint]:
             return []
 
     def infer_constraints_from_protocol_members(
-        self, instance: Instance, template: Instance, subtype: Type, protocol: Instance
+        self,
+        instance: Instance,
+        template: Instance,
+        subtype: Type,
+        protocol: Instance,
+        class_obj: bool = False,
     ) -> list[Constraint]:
         """Infer constraints for situations where either 'template' or 'instance' is a protocol.
 
@@ -750,7 +784,7 @@ def infer_constraints_from_protocol_members(
         """
         res = []
         for member in protocol.type.protocol_members:
-            inst = mypy.subtypes.find_member(member, instance, subtype)
+            inst = mypy.subtypes.find_member(member, instance, subtype, class_obj=class_obj)
             temp = mypy.subtypes.find_member(member, template, subtype)
             if inst is None or temp is None:
                 return []  # See #11020

test-data/unit/check-protocols.test

@@ -3517,3 +3517,32 @@ test(c)  # E: Argument 1 to "test" has incompatible type "Type[C]"; expected "P"
          # N:         def [T] foo(arg: T) -> T \
          # N:     Got: \
          # N:         def [T] foo(self: T) -> Union[T, int]
+
+[case testProtocolClassObjectInference]
+from typing import Any, Protocol, TypeVar
+
+T = TypeVar("T", contravariant=True)
+class P(Protocol[T]):
+    def foo(self, obj: T) -> int: ...
+
+class B:
+    def foo(self) -> int: ...
+
+S = TypeVar("S")
+def test(arg: P[S]) -> S: ...
+reveal_type(test(B))  # N: Revealed type is "__main__.B"
+
+[case testProtocolTypeTypeInference]
+from typing import Any, Protocol, TypeVar, Type
+
+T = TypeVar("T", contravariant=True)
+class P(Protocol[T]):
+    def foo(self, obj: T) -> int: ...
+
+class B:
+    def foo(self) -> int: ...
+
+S = TypeVar("S")
+def test(arg: P[S]) -> S: ...
+b: Type[B]
+reveal_type(test(b))  # N: Revealed type is "__main__.B"