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<h2 id="缘起"><a href="#缘起" class="headerlink" title="缘起"></a>缘起</h2><p>hybrid 是平衡用户体验和开发效率的一种方案。</p>
<p>早期的hybrid类似微信开发的jssdk时期。通过bridge为webiew做功能增强，使得web开发获得native的一些能力。</p>
<p>现在微信小程序的出现，有了一种新的做法和思路，分离UI展现部分和逻辑计算部分。DOM界面的绘制完全在webview中进行而逻辑计算均在javascriptcore中进行。</p>
<p>刚刚入坑hybrid开发，从微信小程序的这个思路出发造轮子。</p>
<h2 id="native和js通信"><a href="#native和js通信" class="headerlink" title="native和js通信"></a>native和js通信</h2><p>hybrid开发核心的一个基础技术点就是native和js之间的通信。</p>
<h3 id="ios-UIWebView和native通信"><a href="#ios-UIWebView和native通信" class="headerlink" title="ios UIWebView和native通信"></a>ios UIWebView和native通信</h3><h3 id="ios-WKWebView和native通信"><a href="#ios-WKWebView和native通信" class="headerlink" title="ios WKWebView和native通信"></a>ios WKWebView和native通信</h3><h3 id="ios-javascriptcore和native通信"><a href="#ios-javascriptcore和native通信" class="headerlink" title="ios javascriptcore和native通信"></a>ios javascriptcore和native通信</h3><h3 id="android-webview和native通信"><a href="#android-webview和native通信" class="headerlink" title="android webview和native通信"></a>android webview和native通信</h3><h2 id="整体设计"><a href="#整体设计" class="headerlink" title="整体设计"></a>整体设计</h2><p>解决了通信的问题以后，就可以设计整体的信息流，结构组成和时序。</p>
<h3 id="信息流"><a href="#信息流" class="headerlink" title="信息流"></a>信息流</h3><ol>
<li>打包过程中，直接取默认的初始数据，生成静态html，渲染。</li>
<li>WebView 向 JavascriptCore传递交互事件，然后JavaScriptCore更新数据生成DomDiffPatches。</li>
<li>JavascriptCore向WebView传递DomDiffPatches，然后WebView更新View。</li>
</ol>
<p>整个交互过程初始化由WebView的交互事件驱动整个应用状态的迁移。这样，WebView可以掌握交互和处理dom更新的时机。</p>
<p>事件交互的信息流，对于一个组件：有四个部分组成：样式，模板，配置，事件。<br>样式可以在打包的时候独立出来，模板和配置运行在JavascriptCore中，事件处理在webview中。</p>
<p>下面的代码简单的描述其中的计算过程，包括JavascriptCore中如何注册事件回调以及如何监听document上的事件<br><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div><div class="line">25</div><div class="line">26</div><div class="line">27</div><div class="line">28</div><div class="line">29</div><div class="line">30</div><div class="line">31</div><div class="line">32</div><div class="line">33</div><div class="line">34</div><div class="line">35</div><div class="line">36</div><div class="line">37</div><div class="line">38</div><div class="line">39</div><div class="line">40</div><div class="line">41</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> fakeCallbackCenter;</div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 处理模板和配置运行在jsc中</span></div><div class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Button</span> </span>{</div><div class="line"> construtorp(props) {</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">this</span>.props = props;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> Button.uid = Button.uid || <span class="number">0</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">this</span>._componentId = Button.uid ++</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> render() {</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">this</span>.bindCallBack();</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> $.div(<span class="string">'.yo-button'</span>, {</div><div class="line"> attrubuttes: {</div><div class="line"> _componentId: <span class="keyword">this</span>._componentId,</div><div class="line"> bindtap: <span class="string">'tap'</span></div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> }, <span class="string">'This is a Button'</span>)</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> bindCallBack() {</div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">// 注册回调函数，fakeCallbackCenter和native关联，监听native传递过来的weview的domEvent事件，然后分发</span></div><div class="line"> fakeCallbackCenter.bind(<span class="string">'tap'</span>, <span class="keyword">this</span>.props.onTap);</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 处理dom事件监听运行在webview中</span></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 通过订阅document的start move end cancel事件模拟点击点击取消等行为</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> fakeEventBridge;</div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 表示监听document上的这几个事件，对每个事件进行处理，得到自己想要的tap事件后，通过bridge通知native事件来了</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> Button_Events = {</div><div class="line"> touchstart: <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>{},</div><div class="line"> touchmove: <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>{},</div><div class="line"> touchend: <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params">e</span>) </span>{</div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">// fakeEventCenter</span></div><div class="line"> fakeEventBridge.notifyNative(<span class="string">'domEvent'</span>, {</div><div class="line"> componentId：e.target.getAttributte(<span class="string">'_componentId'</span>),</div><div class="line"> eventType: <span class="string">'tap'</span>,</div><div class="line"> dataset: e.target.dataset </div><div class="line"> })</div><div class="line"> },</div><div class="line"> touchcancel: <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>{},</div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>事件均在document上面进行代理，通过e.target逐步向外扩散，模拟冒泡和捕获行为，借鉴react的事件处理机制，这里不再详述。</p>
<h3 id="结构组成"><a href="#结构组成" class="headerlink" title="结构组成"></a>结构组成</h3><ol>
<li>打包预处理</li>
<li>webview javascriptcore native 通信模块</li>
<li>应用视图栈管理</li>
<li>webview UI 组件化方案和事件代理</li>
<li>虚拟dom引擎</li>
<li>网络通信模块</li>
<li>性能监控</li>
<li>应用生命周期管理</li>
<li>组件化系统</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="时序"><a href="#时序" class="headerlink" title="时序"></a>时序</h3><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"></div><div class="line">[编译机器] 打包逻辑，分发框架层，业务jsc，业务webview，以及首屏css，其他css</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">[native] 启动应用指定参数:app page param</div><div class="line">[native] 初始化应用javascriptcore，注入相关的扩展和框架代码bridge等</div><div class="line">[native] 初始化webview，注入相关的扩展和bridge等</div><div class="line">[native] 加载初始化页面</div><div class="line">[webview] 触发documentReady事件</div><div class="line">[javascriptcore] 开始执行ready回调</div><div class="line">[javascriptcore] 开始执行show回调</div><div class="line">[javascriptcore] 开始执行setData 输出domDiffPatches</div><div class="line">[webview] 接收到domDiffPatches，更新dom</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">[webview] 用户触发交互事件</div><div class="line">[javascriptcore] 执行交互事件回调</div><div class="line">[javascriptcore] 开始执行setData 输出domDiffPatches</div><div class="line">[webview] 接收到domDiffPatches，更新dom</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="objective-c-语言"><a href="#objective-c-语言" class="headerlink" title="objective-c 语言"></a>objective-c 语言</h2><h3 id="变量，表达式和基本流程控制"><a href="#变量，表达式和基本流程控制" class="headerlink" title="变量，表达式和基本流程控制"></a>变量，表达式和基本流程控制</h3><p>变量，表达式和基本流程控制和一般的命令式控制语法基本一致。介绍几个特殊的变量</p>
<h3 id="面向对象"><a href="#面向对象" class="headerlink" title="面向对象"></a>面向对象</h3><ol>
<li>私有属性</li>
<li>访问器</li>
<li>属性特性</li>
<li>私有方法，类方法，实例方法</li>
<li>代理</li>
<li>协议</li>
<li>继承</li>
<li>KVC</li>
<li>KVO</li>
<li>selector</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="消息"><a href="#消息" class="headerlink" title="消息"></a>消息</h3><p>objective-c 语言底层有一层基于消息机制的通信的系统。</p>
<h3 id="内存管理"><a href="#内存管理" class="headerlink" title="内存管理"></a>内存管理</h3><p>arc 内存管理机制</p>
<h2 id="ios-编程"><a href="#ios-编程" class="headerlink" title="ios 编程"></a>ios 编程</h2><h3 id="application-生命周期"><a href="#application-生命周期" class="headerlink" title="application 生命周期"></a>application 生命周期</h3><h3 id="viewcontroller-生命周期"><a href="#viewcontroller-生命周期" class="headerlink" title="viewcontroller 生命周期"></a>viewcontroller 生命周期</h3><h3 id="viewcontroller-导航视图栈控制方式"><a href="#viewcontroller-导航视图栈控制方式" class="headerlink" title="viewcontroller 导航视图栈控制方式"></a>viewcontroller 导航视图栈控制方式</h3><h3 id="wkwebview-用法，wkwebview和native通信方式"><a href="#wkwebview-用法，wkwebview和native通信方式" class="headerlink" title="wkwebview 用法，wkwebview和native通信方式"></a>wkwebview 用法，wkwebview和native通信方式</h3><h3 id="javascriptcore用法，javascripotcore和native通信方式"><a href="#javascriptcore用法，javascripotcore和native通信方式" class="headerlink" title="javascriptcore用法，javascripotcore和native通信方式"></a>javascriptcore用法，javascripotcore和native通信方式</h3><h3 id="网络操作"><a href="#网络操作" class="headerlink" title="网络操作"></a>网络操作</h3><h3 id="文件操作"><a href="#文件操作" class="headerlink" title="文件操作"></a>文件操作</h3><h3 id="数据存取"><a href="#数据存取" class="headerlink" title="数据存取"></a>数据存取</h3>
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<a href="/2017/08/29/路由设计参考/" class="article-date">
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<a class="article-title" href="/2017/08/29/路由设计参考/">路由设计参考</a>
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<h2 id="问题"><a href="#问题" class="headerlink" title="问题"></a>问题</h2><p>业务原因需要调用一个touch系统的页面。因为是多页的，这个touch系统在后退的时候，会打开地址栏传递的url参数。而此时在我的栈式历史记录管理结构中，造成了一个<code>Home -> A -> B -> A</code>的循环，后退不回去。那么我在新打开的A中应该如何执行后退，一下子打开Home页面呢。注意一下所有的探索仅仅限于浏览器内，不考虑含有hybrid框架的app内。</p>
<h3 id="方案一"><a href="#方案一" class="headerlink" title="方案一"></a>方案一</h3><p>利用浏览器历史记录的特性做了一个方案。如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">getRealHistoryLength</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>{</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">const</span> rnd = <span class="built_in">Date</span>().now()</div><div class="line"> location.href = <span class="string">`#_h_seq_<span class="subst">${rnd}</span>`</span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> history.length - <span class="number">1</span></div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>在当前地址的基础之上，入栈一个从未出现过的历史记录，此时历史记录会被重置，此时求取历史记录的长度就是当前页面所在的历史记录中的index。通过这种技巧可以得知历史记录两个页面的差值，从而可以通过histroy.go()来精确的控制后退的步长。</p>
<p>不过理想很丰满，显示很骨感。</p>
<p>实际中发现，部分手机的浏览器在执行history.go的时候，只能执行-1，再所就后退不了了；还有部分手机干脆历史记录变得紊乱，不能取到争取的history.length的值。</p>
<p>哎😔，说起来都是泪。</p>
<h2 id="继续探索"><a href="#继续探索" class="headerlink" title="继续探索"></a>继续探索</h2><p>既然操作历史记录的方式不靠谱，那么能不能不后退，我干脆新打开呢<code>Home -> A -> B -> A -> Home</code>,那么此时的问题就是经过B的回调，整个历史记录的管理走向一个不归路，再也回不到起点了，历史记录越堆越长。</p>
<p>假设这种方式可行，那么还需要解决两个问题。</p>
<p>第一个问题： 我怎么知道A应该打开Home而不是其他页面，我需要用户访问的历史记录。根据实际生成的历史记录来决定应该如何走下一步。在sessionStorage里面存储用户打开过的所有页面历史，然后做一个虚拟的历史记录。<br>第二个问题： 通过虚拟的历史记录解决了应该跳转哪一个页面的问题，似乎一切都好转起来了，不过如果android用户使用了物理后退键呢？此时会触发浏览器自己的历史记录行为history.back()。借鉴方案一的思路，我们可以在每次打开页面之后，把当前的历史记录增加一个hash位。</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">putReturnMark</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>{</div><div class="line"> location.href = <span class="string">`#_back_mk_<span class="subst">${<span class="built_in">Date</span>.now()}</span>`</span></div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line"><span class="built_in">window</span>.addEventListner(<span class="string">'hashChange'</span>, ({oldURL}) => {</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> ( <span class="regexp">/_back_mk_/i</span>.test(oldURL) ) {</div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">// 物理后退</span></div><div class="line"> doSessionHistoryBack()</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line">})</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>不过sessionStorage在隐私模式下无法使用。因此也不算一个很完美的解决方案。而且历史栈的管理也不是特别完美。</p>
<h2 id="继续探索-1"><a href="#继续探索-1" class="headerlink" title="继续探索"></a>继续探索</h2><p>借鉴方案二的back拦截方案，sessionStorage存储历史记录的方式。不过页面的历史记录切换钧采用replace的方案。这样比起方案二，历史记录总算不会没完没了的增长。</p>
<h2 id="继续探索-2"><a href="#继续探索-2" class="headerlink" title="继续探索"></a>继续探索</h2><p>当然最好的方案还是请求兄弟部门配合做下修改。不过这个又是得看运气了。</p>
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