bpf: reject overlarge global subprog argument sizes

Global subprogram argument checking derives generic pointer sizes from BTF
and passes the resolved size to check_mem_reg() as a u32. The access-size
validation path then uses a signed int, and stack pointers negate the value
before calling check_helper_mem_access().

This creates a wrap when BTF describes a pointee size larger than S32_MAX.
For example, a global subprogram argument of type:

  int (*p)[0x3fffffff]

has a BTF-resolved pointee size of 0xfffffffc bytes. At a call site the
caller can pass a pointer to a 4-byte stack slot at fp-4. The current
PTR_TO_STACK path computes:

  size = -(int)mem_size

so 0xfffffffc becomes -4 as a signed int and the negation validates only
a 4-byte stack range. That range is covered by the caller's stack slot,
so the call is accepted.

The callee is then verified independently with R1 as PTR_TO_MEM and
mem_size 0xfffffffc. A small instruction such as:

  r0 = *(u32 *)(r1 + 4)

is accepted as being inside that BTF-described memory region. At run time,
however, the actual argument value is still fp-4, so r1 + 4 addresses fp+0,
outside the 4-byte object that the caller provided.

Reject sizes that cannot be represented by the verifier's signed
access-size API before the stack-specific negation. Add a verifier
regression test for the oversized BTF argument.

Fixes: 2cb2715 ("bpf: poison dead stack slots")
Signed-off-by: Taegu Ha <hataegu0826@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yonghong.song@linux.dev>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260528062155.3988156-1-hataegu0826@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

Author: foxirain

kernel/bpf/verifier.c

@@ -6927,6 +6927,12 @@ static int check_mem_reg(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, struct bpf_reg_state *reg
 	if (bpf_register_is_null(reg))
 		return 0;
 
+	if (mem_size > S32_MAX) {
+		verbose(env, "%s memory size %u is too large\n",
+			reg_arg_name(env, argno), mem_size);
+		return -EACCES;
+	}
+
 	/* Assuming that the register contains a value check if the memory
 	 * access is safe. Temporarily save and restore the register's state as
 	 * the conversion shouldn't be visible to a caller.

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/verifier_global_subprogs.c

@@ -152,6 +152,23 @@ int anon_user_mem_valid(void *ctx)
 	return subprog_user_anon_mem(&t);
 }
 
+__noinline __weak int subprog_user_anon_mem_huge(int (*p)[0x3fffffff])
+{
+	return p ? (*p)[1] : 0;
+}
+
+SEC("?tracepoint")
+__failure __log_level(2)
+__msg("R1 memory size 4294967292 is too large")
+int anon_user_mem_huge_size_invalid(void *ctx)
+{
+	int (*p)[0x3fffffff];
+	int tiny = 42;
+
+	p = (void *)&tiny;
+	return subprog_user_anon_mem_huge(p) + tiny;
+}
+
 __noinline __weak int subprog_nonnull_ptr_good(int *p1 __arg_nonnull, int *p2 __arg_nonnull)
 {
 	return (*p1) * (*p2); /* good, no need for NULL checks */