diff --git a/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/playwright.config.ts b/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/playwright.config.ts
index c6ec3b7617090..96373d2a09742 100644
--- a/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/playwright.config.ts
+++ b/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/playwright.config.ts
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ export default defineConfig({
     "**/variable.spec.ts",
   ],
 
-  timeout: 30_000,
+  timeout: 60_000,
   use: {
     actionTimeout: 10_000,
     baseURL: process.env.AIRFLOW_UI_BASE_URL ?? "http://localhost:28080",
diff --git a/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/BasePage.ts b/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/BasePage.ts
index 44a897e466cb7..968b62b1e7391 100644
--- a/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/BasePage.ts
+++ b/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/BasePage.ts
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
  */
 import { expect } from "@playwright/test";
 import type { Page, Locator } from "@playwright/test";
+import { waitForServerReady } from "tests/e2e/utils/health";
 
 /**
  * Base Page Object
@@ -53,8 +54,12 @@ export class BasePage {
   }
 
   public async navigateTo(path: string): Promise<void> {
-    await this.page.goto(path, {
-      waitUntil: "domcontentloaded",
-    });
+    await this.safeGoto(path, { waitUntil: "domcontentloaded" });
+  }
+
+  /** Health-checked navigation. Subclasses should use this instead of `this.page.goto()`. */
+  protected async safeGoto(path: string, options?: Parameters<Page["goto"]>[1]): Promise<void> {
+    await waitForServerReady(this.page);
+    await this.page.goto(path, options);
   }
 }
diff --git a/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/ConnectionsPage.ts b/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/ConnectionsPage.ts
index 31a1dfe7f9481..cf43c60195dea 100644
--- a/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/ConnectionsPage.ts
+++ b/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/ConnectionsPage.ts
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ export class ConnectionsPage extends BasePage {
 
       await expect(selectCombobox).toBeEnabled({ timeout: 25_000 });
 
-      await selectCombobox.click({ timeout: 3000 });
+      await selectCombobox.click({ timeout: 10_000 });
 
       // Wait for options to appear and click the matching option
       const option = this.page.getByRole("option", { name: new RegExp(details.conn_type, "i") }).first();
diff --git a/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/DagCalendarTab.ts b/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/DagCalendarTab.ts
index dcf1d6dc7dc4e..7aee20db7c083 100644
--- a/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/DagCalendarTab.ts
+++ b/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/DagCalendarTab.ts
@@ -69,10 +69,13 @@ export class DagCalendarTab extends BasePage {
     for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
       const cell = this.activeCells.nth(i);
 
-      await cell.hover();
-      await expect(this.tooltip).toBeVisible({ timeout: 20_000 });
+      let text = "";
 
-      const text = ((await this.tooltip.textContent()) ?? "").toLowerCase();
+      await expect(async () => {
+        await cell.hover({ force: true });
+        await expect(this.tooltip).toBeVisible({ timeout: 3000 });
+        text = ((await this.tooltip.textContent()) ?? "").toLowerCase();
+      }).toPass({ intervals: [500], timeout: 20_000 });
 
       if (text.includes("success")) states.push("success");
       if (text.includes("failed")) states.push("failed");
@@ -84,7 +87,7 @@ export class DagCalendarTab extends BasePage {
 
   public async navigateToCalendar(dagId: string) {
     await expect(async () => {
-      await this.page.goto(`/dags/${dagId}/calendar`);
+      await this.safeGoto(`/dags/${dagId}/calendar`);
       await this.page.getByTestId("dag-calendar-root").waitFor({ state: "visible", timeout: 5000 });
     }).toPass({ intervals: [2000], timeout: 60_000 });
     await this.waitForCalendarReady();
diff --git a/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/DagCodePage.ts b/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/DagCodePage.ts
index fbb2f27ab59b8..b45bb4dd88d45 100644
--- a/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/DagCodePage.ts
+++ b/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/DagCodePage.ts
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ export class DagCodePage extends BasePage {
   public async navigateToCodeTab(dagId: string): Promise<void> {
     await expect(async () => {
       await this.navigateTo(`/dags/${dagId}/code`);
-      await expect(this.editorContainer).toBeVisible({ timeout: 5000 });
+      await expect(this.editorContainer).toBeVisible({ timeout: 10_000 });
     }).toPass({ intervals: [2000], timeout: 60_000 });
     await this.waitForCodeReady();
   }
diff --git a/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/DagsPage.ts b/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/DagsPage.ts
index d383593ab16f4..4b9a5a65d28f7 100644
--- a/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/DagsPage.ts
+++ b/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/DagsPage.ts
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ export class DagsPage extends BasePage {
 
   public async navigateToDagTasks(dagId: string): Promise<void> {
     await expect(async () => {
-      await this.page.goto(`/dags/${dagId}/tasks`);
+      await this.safeGoto(`/dags/${dagId}/tasks`);
       await expect(
         this.page
           .locator("th")
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ export class DagsPage extends BasePage {
    */
   public async verifyDagDetails(dagName: string): Promise<void> {
     await expect(async () => {
-      await this.page.goto(`/dags/${dagName}/details`, { waitUntil: "domcontentloaded" });
+      await this.safeGoto(`/dags/${dagName}/details`, { waitUntil: "domcontentloaded" });
       await expect(this.page.getByRole("heading", { name: dagName })).toBeVisible({ timeout: 30_000 });
     }).toPass({ intervals: [2000], timeout: 60_000 });
   }
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ export class DagsPage extends BasePage {
       return;
     }
 
-    await this.page.goto(DagsPage.getDagRunDetailsUrl(dagName, dagRunId), {
+    await this.safeGoto(DagsPage.getDagRunDetailsUrl(dagName, dagRunId), {
       timeout: 15_000,
       waitUntil: "domcontentloaded",
     });
diff --git a/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/EventsPage.ts b/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/EventsPage.ts
index d9bbf727420d9..5c72b4313115f 100644
--- a/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/EventsPage.ts
+++ b/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/EventsPage.ts
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ export class EventsPage extends BasePage {
 
   public async navigateToAuditLog(dagId: string): Promise<void> {
     await expect(async () => {
-      await this.page.goto(EventsPage.getEventsUrl(dagId), {
+      await this.safeGoto(EventsPage.getEventsUrl(dagId), {
         timeout: 10_000,
         waitUntil: "domcontentloaded",
       });
diff --git a/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/RequiredActionsPage.ts b/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/RequiredActionsPage.ts
index fc08d6b3a912e..db04ec56cc9c9 100644
--- a/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/RequiredActionsPage.ts
+++ b/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/RequiredActionsPage.ts
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ export class RequiredActionsPage extends BasePage {
     const buttonName = approve ? "Approve" : "Reject";
     const actionButton = this.page.getByTestId(`hitl-option-${buttonName}`);
 
-    await expect(actionButton).toBeVisible({ timeout: 10_000 });
+    await expect(actionButton).toBeVisible({ timeout: 30_000 });
 
     const informationInput = this.page.getByRole("textbox");
 
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ export class RequiredActionsPage extends BasePage {
     await expect(actionButton).toBeEnabled({ timeout: 10_000 });
     await this.clickButtonAndWaitForHITLResponse(actionButton);
 
-    await this.page.goto(`/dags/${dagId}/runs/${dagRunId}`);
+    await this.safeGoto(`/dags/${dagId}/runs/${dagRunId}`);
     await this.waitForTaskState(dagRunId, { expectedState: "Success", taskId: "valid_input_and_options" });
   }
 
@@ -118,10 +118,10 @@ export class RequiredActionsPage extends BasePage {
 
     const branchButton = this.page.getByTestId("hitl-option-task_1");
 
-    await expect(branchButton).toBeVisible({ timeout: 10_000 });
+    await expect(branchButton).toBeVisible({ timeout: 30_000 });
     await this.clickButtonAndWaitForHITLResponse(branchButton);
 
-    await this.page.goto(`/dags/${dagId}/runs/${dagRunId}`);
+    await this.safeGoto(`/dags/${dagId}/runs/${dagRunId}`);
     await this.waitForTaskState(dagRunId, { expectedState: "Success", taskId: "choose_a_branch_to_run" });
   }
 
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ export class RequiredActionsPage extends BasePage {
 
     const informationInput = this.page.getByRole("textbox");
 
-    await expect(informationInput).toBeVisible({ timeout: 10_000 });
+    await expect(informationInput).toBeVisible({ timeout: 30_000 });
     await informationInput.fill("test");
 
     const okButton = this.page.getByRole("button", { name: "OK" });
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ export class RequiredActionsPage extends BasePage {
     await expect(okButton).toBeVisible({ timeout: 10_000 });
     await this.clickButtonAndWaitForHITLResponse(okButton);
 
-    await this.page.goto(`/dags/${dagId}/runs/${dagRunId}`);
+    await this.safeGoto(`/dags/${dagId}/runs/${dagRunId}`);
     await this.waitForTaskState(dagRunId, { expectedState: "Success", taskId: "wait_for_input" });
   }
 
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ export class RequiredActionsPage extends BasePage {
     await expect(respondButton).toBeVisible({ timeout: 10_000 });
     await this.clickButtonAndWaitForHITLResponse(respondButton);
 
-    await this.page.goto(`/dags/${dagId}/runs/${dagRunId}`);
+    await this.safeGoto(`/dags/${dagId}/runs/${dagRunId}`);
     await this.waitForTaskState(dagRunId, { expectedState: "Success", taskId: "wait_for_multiple_options" });
   }
 
@@ -183,10 +183,10 @@ export class RequiredActionsPage extends BasePage {
 
     const optionButton = this.page.getByTestId("hitl-option-option 1");
 
-    await expect(optionButton).toBeVisible({ timeout: 10_000 });
+    await expect(optionButton).toBeVisible({ timeout: 30_000 });
     await this.clickButtonAndWaitForHITLResponse(optionButton);
 
-    await this.page.goto(`/dags/${dagId}/runs/${dagRunId}`);
+    await this.safeGoto(`/dags/${dagId}/runs/${dagRunId}`);
     await this.waitForTaskState(dagRunId, { expectedState: "Success", taskId: "wait_for_option" });
   }
 
@@ -199,13 +199,13 @@ export class RequiredActionsPage extends BasePage {
       throw new Error("Failed to trigger DAG - dagRunId is null");
     }
 
-    await this.page.goto(`/dags/${dagId}/runs/${dagRunId}`);
+    await this.safeGoto(`/dags/${dagId}/runs/${dagRunId}`);
     await this.waitForDagRunState("Running");
 
     await this.waitForTaskState(dagRunId, {
       expectedState: "Success",
       taskId: "wait_for_default_option",
-      timeout: 30_000,
+      timeout: 60_000,
     });
 
     await this.handleWaitForInputTask(dagId, dagRunId);
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ export class RequiredActionsPage extends BasePage {
   }
 
   private async verifyFinalTaskStates(dagId: string, dagRunId: string, approved: boolean): Promise<void> {
-    await this.page.goto(`/dags/${dagId}/runs/${dagRunId}`);
+    await this.safeGoto(`/dags/${dagId}/runs/${dagRunId}`);
 
     if (approved) {
       await this.waitForTaskState(dagRunId, { expectedState: "Success", taskId: "task_1" });
diff --git a/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/TaskInstancesPage.ts b/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/TaskInstancesPage.ts
index 4fde48e7f4be1..42a8f3cae3d18 100644
--- a/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/TaskInstancesPage.ts
+++ b/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/TaskInstancesPage.ts
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ export class TaskInstancesPage extends BasePage {
   public async navigate(): Promise<void> {
     await this.navigateTo(TaskInstancesPage.taskInstancesUrl);
     await this.page.waitForURL(/.*task_instances/, { timeout: 15_000 });
-    await this.taskInstancesTable.waitFor({ state: "visible", timeout: 10_000 });
+    await this.taskInstancesTable.waitFor({ state: "visible", timeout: 30_000 });
 
     const dataLink = this.taskInstancesTable.locator("a[href*='/dags/']").first();
     const noDataMessage = this.page.locator('text="No Task Instances found"');
diff --git a/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/XComsPage.ts b/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/XComsPage.ts
index 188a5d81fd908..becd7f286afdb 100644
--- a/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/XComsPage.ts
+++ b/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/pages/XComsPage.ts
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ export class XComsPage extends BasePage {
   public async navigate(): Promise<void> {
     await this.navigateTo(XComsPage.xcomsUrl);
     await this.page.waitForURL(/.*xcoms/, { timeout: 15_000 });
-    await this.xcomsTable.waitFor({ state: "visible", timeout: 10_000 });
+    await this.xcomsTable.waitFor({ state: "visible", timeout: 30_000 });
     await this.page.waitForLoadState("networkidle");
   }
 
diff --git a/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/specs/task-instances.spec.ts b/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/specs/task-instances.spec.ts
index 08da9fce26da4..49e2d3839e929 100644
--- a/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/specs/task-instances.spec.ts
+++ b/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/specs/task-instances.spec.ts
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 import { test, expect } from "@playwright/test";
 import { AUTH_FILE, testConfig } from "playwright.config";
 import { TaskInstancesPage } from "tests/e2e/pages/TaskInstancesPage";
+import { waitForServerReady } from "tests/e2e/utils/health";
 
 test.describe("Task Instances Page", () => {
   test.setTimeout(60_000);
@@ -27,16 +28,22 @@ test.describe("Task Instances Page", () => {
   const testDagId = testConfig.testDag.id;
 
   test.beforeAll(async ({ browser }) => {
+    test.setTimeout(120_000);
     const context = await browser.newContext({ storageState: AUTH_FILE });
     const page = await context.newPage();
     const baseUrl = process.env.AIRFLOW_UI_BASE_URL ?? "http://localhost:8080";
     const timestamp = Date.now();
 
+    // Wait for server to be responsive before making API calls
+    await waitForServerReady(page);
+
     // Wait for Dag to be parsed before making API calls
     await expect
       .poll(
         async () => {
-          const response = await page.request.get(`${baseUrl}/api/v2/dags/${testDagId}`);
+          const response = await page.request.get(`${baseUrl}/api/v2/dags/${testDagId}`, {
+            timeout: 30_000,
+          });
 
           return response.ok();
         },
@@ -55,6 +62,7 @@ test.describe("Task Instances Page", () => {
       headers: {
         "Content-Type": "application/json",
       },
+      timeout: 30_000,
     });
 
     expect(triggerResponse1.ok()).toBeTruthy();
@@ -62,6 +70,7 @@ test.describe("Task Instances Page", () => {
     // Get all task instances for the first run
     const tasksResponse1 = await page.request.get(
       `${baseUrl}/api/v2/dags/${testDagId}/dagRuns/${runId1}/taskInstances`,
+      { timeout: 30_000 },
     );
 
     expect(tasksResponse1.ok()).toBeTruthy();
@@ -77,6 +86,7 @@ test.describe("Task Instances Page", () => {
         {
           data: JSON.stringify({ new_state: "success" }),
           headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+          timeout: 30_000,
         },
       );
 
@@ -94,6 +104,7 @@ test.describe("Task Instances Page", () => {
       headers: {
         "Content-Type": "application/json",
       },
+      timeout: 30_000,
     });
 
     expect(triggerResponse2.ok()).toBeTruthy();
@@ -101,6 +112,7 @@ test.describe("Task Instances Page", () => {
     // Get all task instances for the second run
     const tasksResponse2 = await page.request.get(
       `${baseUrl}/api/v2/dags/${testDagId}/dagRuns/${runId2}/taskInstances`,
+      { timeout: 30_000 },
     );
 
     expect(tasksResponse2.ok()).toBeTruthy();
@@ -116,6 +128,7 @@ test.describe("Task Instances Page", () => {
         {
           data: JSON.stringify({ new_state: "failed" }),
           headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+          timeout: 30_000,
         },
       );
 
diff --git a/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/utils/health.ts b/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/utils/health.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..d1d7340ac5194
--- /dev/null
+++ b/airflow-core/src/airflow/ui/tests/e2e/utils/health.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/*!
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+import type { Page } from "@playwright/test";
+
+const HEALTH_ENDPOINT = "/api/v2/monitor/health";
+const MAX_WAIT_MS = 30_000;
+const REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000;
+const BACKOFF_INTERVALS = [1000, 2000, 4000, 8000];
+
+/**
+ * Wait for the Airflow server to be responsive before proceeding.
+ *
+ * Polls the health endpoint, checking for HTTP 200. Uses backoff intervals between retries.
+ * We intentionally do not check response time: on Firefox/CI the health endpoint regularly
+ * exceeds 2s, which would cause the check to never succeed.
+ *
+ * When the server responds on the first attempt, this function returns immediately.
+ */
+export async function waitForServerReady(page: Page): Promise<void> {
+  const startTime = Date.now();
+  let attempt = 0;
+
+  while (Date.now() - startTime < MAX_WAIT_MS) {
+    try {
+      const response = await page.request.get(HEALTH_ENDPOINT, {
+        timeout: REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS,
+      });
+
+      if (response.status() === 200) {
+        return;
+      }
+    } catch {
+      // Request failed or timed out — server not ready yet.
+    }
+
+    const index = Math.min(attempt, BACKOFF_INTERVALS.length - 1);
+    const interval = BACKOFF_INTERVALS[index] as number;
+    const remaining = MAX_WAIT_MS - (Date.now() - startTime);
+
+    if (remaining <= 0) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    await page.waitForTimeout(Math.min(interval, remaining));
+    attempt++;
+  }
+
+  throw new Error(
+    `Server not ready after ${MAX_WAIT_MS}ms — health endpoint ${HEALTH_ENDPOINT} did not return 200`,
+  );
+}