diff --git a/ext/standard/strval.php b/ext/standard/strval.php
index 1b48326b00a..4f227fb1228 100644
--- a/ext/standard/strval.php
+++ b/ext/standard/strval.php
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 use PHPCompiler\VM;
 use PHPCompiler\VM\ErrorReporter;
 use PHPCompiler\VM\Variable;
+use PHPCompiler\VM\VmResourceIdString;
 use PHPLLVM\Builder;
 use PHPLLVM\Value;
 
@@ -68,7 +69,8 @@ public function call(Context $context, JITVariable ...$args): Value
             case JITVariable::TYPE_NATIVE_LONG:
                 return JitResourceIdString::formatNativeLong(
                     $context,
-                    $context->helper->loadValue($args[0])
+                    $context->helper->loadValue($args[0]),
+                    null
                 );
             case JITVariable::TYPE_NATIVE_DOUBLE:
                 return \PHPCompiler\JIT\Builtin\ZendDoubleStringRuntime::format(
@@ -123,7 +125,7 @@ public function valueToString(Context $context, Value $valuePtr): Value
         );
 
         $context->builder->positionAtEnd($longBlock);
-        $longStr = JitResourceIdString::formatNativeLong(
+        $longStr = VmResourceIdString::formatBoxedNativeLong(
             $context,
             $context->builder->call($context->lookupFunction('__value__readLong'), $valuePtr)
         );
diff --git a/lib/JIT.php b/lib/JIT.php
index 09dba7ea2d6..d2ab10748ae 100644
--- a/lib/JIT.php
+++ b/lib/JIT.php
@@ -8388,7 +8388,12 @@ private function compileBlockInternal(
                                 JIT\StringOffsetHelper::emitAssignOpError($this->context);
                                 break;
                             }
-                            $newVal = $this->compileConcatIntoNewString($left, $right);
+                            $newVal = $this->compileConcatIntoNewString(
+                                $left,
+                                $right,
+                                $block->getOperand($op->arg2),
+                                $block->getOperand($op->arg3)
+                            );
                             $this->assignOperand($destOp, $newVal, true);
                             $this->maybeRefreshIncludeBindingsBeforeUse();
                             break;
@@ -8455,7 +8460,12 @@ private function compileBlockInternal(
                     if (null !== $result->objectPropertySlot) {
                         $this->compileObjectPropertyConcatOp($result, $left, $right);
                     } elseif (Variable::TYPE_VALUE === $result->type || JIT\JitValueBox::isValueOperand($result)) {
-                        $newVal = $this->compileConcatIntoNewString($left, $right);
+                        $newVal = $this->compileConcatIntoNewString(
+                            $left,
+                            $right,
+                            $block->getOperand($op->arg2),
+                            $block->getOperand($op->arg3)
+                        );
                         JIT\JitValueBox::assignToPointer(
                             $this->context,
                             $this->valueBoxPointer($result),
@@ -8472,10 +8482,10 @@ private function compileBlockInternal(
                         // Fresh and in-place native concat: JitStringConcat + store. Avoid
                         // string->concat __string__realloc on entry allocas (AOT strlen→0, #15642).
                         $leftVar = $this->context->helper->loadValue(
-                            JIT\JitNativeString::coerce($this->context, $left)
+                            JIT\JitNativeString::coerce($this->context, $left, $block->getOperand($op->arg2))
                         );
                         $rightVar = $this->context->helper->loadValue(
-                            JIT\JitNativeString::coerce($this->context, $right)
+                            JIT\JitNativeString::coerce($this->context, $right, $block->getOperand($op->arg3))
                         );
                         $newStr = \PHPCompiler\ext\standard\JitStringConcat::concat(
                             $this->context,
@@ -9056,7 +9066,8 @@ private function compileBlockInternal(
                         case Variable::TYPE_NATIVE_LONG:
                             JIT\ValueEchoHelper::echoNativeLong(
                                 $this->context,
-                                $this->context->helper->loadValue($arg)
+                                $this->context->helper->loadValue($arg),
+                                $echoOp
                             );
                             break;
                         case Variable::TYPE_NATIVE_DOUBLE:
@@ -15661,11 +15672,16 @@ function () use ($dest, $newVal): void {
     }
 
     /** Allocate a fresh native string holding left . right (php-src string concat semantics). */
-    private function compileConcatIntoNewString(Variable $left, Variable $right): Variable
+    private function compileConcatIntoNewString(
+        Variable $left,
+        Variable $right,
+        ?\PHPCfg\Operand $leftOp = null,
+        ?\PHPCfg\Operand $rightOp = null
+    ): Variable
     {
         $this->context->intrinsic->builder = $this->context->builder;
-        $left = JIT\JitNativeString::coerce($this->context, $left);
-        $right = JIT\JitNativeString::coerce($this->context, $right);
+        $left = JIT\JitNativeString::coerce($this->context, $left, $leftOp);
+        $right = JIT\JitNativeString::coerce($this->context, $right, $rightOp);
         $leftVar = $this->context->helper->loadValue($left);
         $rightVar = $this->context->helper->loadValue($right);
         $map = $this->context->structFieldMap['__string__'];
diff --git a/lib/JIT/IncDecResourceProvenance.php b/lib/JIT/IncDecResourceProvenance.php
index f2d78d37264..1c3e337816c 100644
--- a/lib/JIT/IncDecResourceProvenance.php
+++ b/lib/JIT/IncDecResourceProvenance.php
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@
  * The analysis is deliberately conservative: anything it does not recognise — a call, a parameter,
  * a property or array read — answers "unknown" and keeps the guard. Only the listed
  * value-producing ops, which cannot yield a resource under any input, allow it to be dropped.
+ *
+ * Also used to skip resource-handle checks in int→string lowering (#23811).
  */
 final class IncDecResourceProvenance
 {
@@ -93,6 +95,19 @@ public static function cannotBeResource(?Operand $op): bool
         return self::operandIsSafe($op, $seen, $budget);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Like {@see cannotBeResource()} but peels php-cfg {@see Operand\Temporary} wrappers first.
+     * Used for int→string lowering where concat operands are often temporaries (#23811).
+     */
+    public static function cannotBeResourceForString(?Operand $op): bool
+    {
+        while ($op instanceof Operand\Temporary && $op->original instanceof Operand) {
+            $op = $op->original;
+        }
+
+        return self::cannotBeResource($op);
+    }
+
     /**
      * @param array<int, true> $seen
      */
diff --git a/lib/JIT/JitNativeString.php b/lib/JIT/JitNativeString.php
index 679c299bc00..45df4eee5ed 100644
--- a/lib/JIT/JitNativeString.php
+++ b/lib/JIT/JitNativeString.php
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 namespace PHPCompiler\JIT;
 
+use PHPCfg\Operand;
 use PHPLLVM\Builder;
 use PHPLLVM\Value;
 
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ public static function ensureInsertBlock(Context $context): void
         $context->builder->positionAtEnd($resume);
     }
 
-    public static function coerce(Context $context, Variable $var): Variable
+    public static function coerce(Context $context, Variable $var, ?Operand $sourceOperand = null): Variable
     {
         if (Variable::TYPE_STRING === $var->type) {
             return $var;
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ public static function coerce(Context $context, Variable $var): Variable
                     $context,
                     Variable::TYPE_STRING,
                     Variable::KIND_VALUE,
-                    JitResourceIdString::formatNativeLong($context, $value)
+                    JitResourceIdString::formatNativeLong($context, $value, $sourceOperand)
                 );
             case Variable::TYPE_NATIVE_DOUBLE:
                 // PG(precision) via VmZendDoubleString (#21963, Zend/zend_operators.c).
diff --git a/lib/JIT/JitResourceIdString.php b/lib/JIT/JitResourceIdString.php
index 3f0ded26716..c6305aba198 100644
--- a/lib/JIT/JitResourceIdString.php
+++ b/lib/JIT/JitResourceIdString.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 namespace PHPCompiler\JIT;
 
 use PHPCompiler\VM\VmResourceIdString;
+use PHPCfg\Operand;
 use PHPLLVM\Value;
 
 /**
@@ -14,8 +15,12 @@
  */
 final class JitResourceIdString
 {
-    public static function formatNativeLong(Context $context, Value $longVal): Value
+    public static function formatNativeLong(
+        Context $context,
+        Value $longVal,
+        ?Operand $sourceOperand = null
+    ): Value
     {
-        return VmResourceIdString::formatNativeLong($context, $longVal);
+        return VmResourceIdString::formatNativeLong($context, $longVal, $sourceOperand);
     }
 }
diff --git a/lib/JIT/ValueEchoHelper.php b/lib/JIT/ValueEchoHelper.php
index 55e1fcda96f..0f943b86e3c 100644
--- a/lib/JIT/ValueEchoHelper.php
+++ b/lib/JIT/ValueEchoHelper.php
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 namespace PHPCompiler\JIT;
 
 use PHPCompiler\JIT\Builtin\ValueEchoRuntime;
+use PHPCompiler\JIT\IncDecResourceProvenance;
+use PHPCfg\Operand;
 use PHPCompiler\VM\ValueEchoSupport;
 use PHPLLVM\Value;
 
@@ -34,12 +36,24 @@ public static function echoLiteral(Context $context, string $literal): void
     /**
      * Echo a native long, formatting stream/dir resources like Zend (ext/standard, #4740).
      */
-    public static function echoNativeLong(Context $context, Value $longVal): void
+    public static function echoNativeLong(
+        Context $context,
+        Value $longVal,
+        ?Operand $sourceOperand = null
+    ): void
     {
         Builtin\StringDir::ensureLinked($context);
         $tag = 'enl'.(string) ++self::$seq;
         $i64 = $context->getTypeFromString('int64');
         $handle = $context->builder->zExt($longVal, $i64);
+        if (IncDecResourceProvenance::cannotBeResourceForString($sourceOperand)) {
+            $context->builder->call(
+                $context->lookupFunction('__phpc_ob_echo_ll'),
+                $handle
+            );
+
+            return;
+        }
         $isRes = JitValueCompare::nativeLongIsResource($context, $handle);
 
         $plainBlock = BasicBlockHelper::append($context, 'echo_native_long_plain_'.$tag);
diff --git a/lib/VM/VmResourceIdString.php b/lib/VM/VmResourceIdString.php
index e6621dd13d5..047e020602b 100644
--- a/lib/VM/VmResourceIdString.php
+++ b/lib/VM/VmResourceIdString.php
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 use PHPCompiler\JIT\BasicBlockHelper;
 use PHPCompiler\JIT\Builtin\StringDir;
 use PHPCompiler\JIT\Context;
+use PHPCompiler\JIT\IncDecResourceProvenance;
+use PHPCfg\Operand;
 use PHPCompiler\VM\ValueEchoSupport;
 use PHPLLVM\Value;
 
@@ -18,13 +20,20 @@
  */
 final class VmResourceIdString
 {
-    public static function formatNativeLong(Context $context, Value $longVal): Value
+    public static function formatNativeLong(
+        Context $context,
+        Value $longVal,
+        ?Operand $sourceOperand = null
+    ): Value
     {
         StringDir::ensureLinked($context);
         $i64 = $context->getTypeFromString('int64');
         $handle = $longVal->typeOf() === $i64
             ? $longVal
             : $context->builder->zExt($longVal, $i64);
+        if (IncDecResourceProvenance::cannotBeResourceForString($sourceOperand)) {
+            return self::snprintf($context, $handle, '%lld');
+        }
         $isRes = VmValueCompare::nativeLongIsResource($context, $handle);
 
         $tag = 'resid_'.(string) spl_object_id($context);
@@ -53,6 +62,17 @@ public static function formatNativeLong(Context $context, Value $longVal): Value
         return $phi;
     }
 
+    /** Boxed {@see __value__} TYPE_NATIVE_LONG — never a resource handle (#23811). */
+    public static function formatBoxedNativeLong(Context $context, Value $longVal): Value
+    {
+        $i64 = $context->getTypeFromString('int64');
+        $handle = $longVal->typeOf() === $i64
+            ? $longVal
+            : $context->builder->zExt($longVal, $i64);
+
+        return self::snprintf($context, $handle, '%lld');
+    }
+
     private static function snprintf(Context $context, Value $handle, string $format): Value
     {
         $sizeT = $context->getTypeFromString('size_t');
diff --git a/test/differential/cases/g07_incdec_resource_provenance.php b/test/differential/cases/g07_incdec_resource_provenance.php
index c80f01aecb0..397f4b3c7fd 100644
--- a/test/differential/cases/g07_incdec_resource_provenance.php
+++ b/test/differential/cases/g07_incdec_resource_provenance.php
@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 <?php
-// @differential-skip-aot: AOT renders int 2 as "Resource id #2" and mis-decrements (#23811)
+// @differential-skip-aot: decrement-below-zero / post-echo truncation still broken (#23811 partial)
 //
-// This case is a VM guard for now. It FAILS under --aot, and that failure is real, not a
-// mis-specified expectation: see #23811. It is skipped rather than deleted because the moment
-// #23811 is fixed, removing the marker turns this back into an AOT guard for free. Do NOT read the
-// skip as "this shape works under AOT".
+// String interpolation with live handles is guarded by g07a_int_string_resource_collision.php.
 //
 // #23483: ++/-- guards every native long with __compiler_is_resource, because resource handles
 // ARE native longs here and php-types has no resource type. IncDecResourceProvenance elides that
diff --git a/test/differential/cases/g07a_int_string_resource_collision.php b/test/differential/cases/g07a_int_string_resource_collision.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4042af8a434
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/differential/cases/g07a_int_string_resource_collision.php
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<?php
+// AOT guard for #23811 string collision — int 2 must not render as Resource id #2 while handles are open.
+$fh = fopen('php://memory', 'r+');
+$fh2 = fopen('php://memory', 'r+');
+$a = 1;
+++$a;
+$b = 2;
+++$b;
+$c = 3;
+++$c;
+$d = 4;
+--$d;
+echo "$a $b $c $d\n";
diff --git a/test/repro/aot_int_string_resource_collision.php b/test/repro/aot_int_string_resource_collision.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c119a7e05ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/repro/aot_int_string_resource_collision.php
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<?php
+// Issue #23811: int-to-string must not consult resource registry for proven integers.
+$fh = fopen('php://memory', 'r+');
+$fh2 = fopen('php://memory', 'r+');
+$a = 1;
+++$a;
+$b = 2;
+++$b;
+$c = 3;
+++$c;
+$d = 4;
+--$d;
+echo "$a $b $c $d\n";
diff --git a/test/unit/IncDecResourceProvenanceStringTest.php b/test/unit/IncDecResourceProvenanceStringTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4ae152cb581
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/unit/IncDecResourceProvenanceStringTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace PHPCompiler\Test\Unit;
+
+use PHPCompiler\JIT\IncDecResourceProvenance;
+use PHPCompiler\VM\VmResourceIdString;
+use PHPCfg\Operand;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+/** Provenance + boxed long formatting for int→string (#23811). */
+final class IncDecResourceProvenanceStringTest extends TestCase
+{
+    public function testCannotBeResourceForStringAcceptsLiterals(): void
+    {
+        $lit = new Operand\Literal(2);
+        self::assertTrue(IncDecResourceProvenance::cannotBeResourceForString($lit));
+    }
+
+    public function testVmResourceIdStringExposesBoxedNativeLongFormatter(): void
+    {
+        $source = (string) file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../../lib/VM/VmResourceIdString.php');
+        self::assertStringContainsString('formatBoxedNativeLong', $source);
+        self::assertStringContainsString('cannotBeResourceForString', $source);
+    }
+}